महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-27, verse-6

धर्मं कृत्वा कर्मणां तात मुख्यं महाप्रतापः सवितेव भाति ।
हानेन धर्मस्य महीमपीमां लब्ध्वा नरः सीदति पापबुद्धिः ॥६॥

6. dharmaṁ kṛtvā karmaṇāṁ tāta mukhyaṁ; mahāpratāpaḥ saviteva bhāti ,
hānena dharmasya mahīmapīmāṁ; labdhvā naraḥ sīdati pāpabuddhiḥ.

6. dharmam kṛtvā karmaṇām tāta mukhyam
mahāpratāpaḥ savitā iva bhāti
hānena dharmasya mahīm api imām
labdhvā naraḥ sīdati pāpabuddhiḥ

6. O dear one, having performed natural law (dharma), which is the foremost of actions (karma), one shines with great splendor, just like the sun. But by abandoning natural law (dharma), even if he obtains this entire earth, a man of sinful intellect (pāpa-buddhi) becomes miserable.

Words meanings summery:

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

• कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of actions (karma) (of actions, among actions)

• तात (tāta) - O dear one (O dear one, O father, O child)

• मुख्यम् (mukhyam) - principal, chief, foremost

• महाप्रतापः (mahāpratāpaḥ) - of great glory, very mighty

• सवित (savita) - the sun (the sun, the stimulator, the prompter)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• भाति (bhāti) - shines, appears, looks

• हानेन (hānena) - by abandoning (by abandoning, by relinquishing, by loss)

• धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of natural law (dharma) (of dharma, of natural law)

• महीम् (mahīm) - the earth, land

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• इमाम् (imām) - this (feminine singular)

• लब्ध्वा (labdhvā) - having obtained, having acquired

• नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a person

• सीदति (sīdati) - becomes miserable, perishes (sinks, perishes, becomes miserable, despairs)

• पापबुद्धिः (pāpabuddhiḥ) - of sinful intellect (pāpa-buddhi) (of sinful intellect, having wicked thoughts)

Words meanings and morphology

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, justice

Derived from root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, sustain).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā'.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root 'kṛ' (to do) with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Connects the action of performing dharma to the main verb 'bhāti'.

कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of actions (karma) (of actions, among actions)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate (karma)

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do). N-stem noun.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Relates to 'mukhyam', meaning 'chief among actions'.

तात (tāta) - O dear one (O dear one, O father, O child)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one, my child (term of endearment)

मुख्यम् (mukhyam) - principal, chief, foremost

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mukhya

mukhya - principal, chief, foremost, primary

Derived from 'mukha' (face, front).

Note: Adjective qualifying 'dharmam', meaning 'dharma as the chief (action)'.

महाप्रतापः (mahāpratāpaḥ) - of great glory, very mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāpratāpa

mahāpratāpa - of great glory, very mighty, majestic, powerful, having great splendor

Compound of 'mahā' (great) + 'pratāpa' (glory, splendor).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+pratāpa)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• pratāpa – heat, splendor, glory, majesty
  noun (masculine)
  From 'pra' + √tap (to heat).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (the one who performs dharma).

सवित (savita) - the sun (the sun, the stimulator, the prompter)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of savity

savitṛ - the sun, stimulator, prompter, generator

Agent noun

Agent noun from root 'sū' (to impel, to generate) with suffix '-tṛ'.

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Used in comparison with 'iva'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

भाति (bhāti) - shines, appears, looks

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhā

Present tense

3rd person singular, present active voice (parasmaipada) from root 'bhā'.

Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the first sentence.

हानेन (hānena) - by abandoning (by abandoning, by relinquishing, by loss)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of hāna

hāna - abandoning, relinquishing, forsaking, loss, destruction

Verbal noun

Derived from root 'hā' (to abandon, quit).

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Indicates the means or cause.

धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of natural law (dharma) (of dharma, of natural law)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, justice

Derived from root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, sustain).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Relates to 'hānena'.

महीम् (mahīm) - the earth, land

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - the earth, land, ground

Derived from 'maha' (great).

Note: Object of 'labdhvā'.

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

इमाम् (imām) - this (feminine singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Feminine accusative singular of 'idam'.

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, qualifies 'mahīm'.

लब्ध्वा (labdhvā) - having obtained, having acquired

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root 'labh' (to obtain) with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Connects the action of obtaining the earth to the main verb 'sīdati'.

नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, human being, person

Note: Subject of 'sīdati'.

सीदति (sīdati) - becomes miserable, perishes (sinks, perishes, becomes miserable, despairs)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sad

Present tense

3rd person singular, present active voice (parasmaipada) from root 'ṣad' (becomes 'sad').

Root: ṣad (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the second sentence.

पापबुद्धिः (pāpabuddhiḥ) - of sinful intellect (pāpa-buddhi) (of sinful intellect, having wicked thoughts)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāpabuddhi

pāpabuddhi - having a wicked mind, of sinful intellect, evil-minded

Compound of 'pāpa' (sin) + 'buddhi' (intellect).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pāpa+buddhi)

• pāpa – sin, evil; wicked
  noun (neuter)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, mind, perception
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root 'budh' (to know).
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'naraḥ'.