महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-27, verse-4

कामा मनुष्यं प्रसजन्त एव धर्मस्य ये विघ्नमूलं नरेन्द्र ।
पूर्वं नरस्तान्धृतिमान्विनिघ्नँल्लोके प्रशंसां लभतेऽनवद्याम् ॥४॥

4. kāmā manuṣyaṁ prasajanta eva; dharmasya ye vighnamūlaṁ narendra ,
pūrvaṁ narastāndhṛtimānvinighnaँ;lloke praśaṁsāṁ labhate'navadyām.

4. kāmāḥ manuṣyam prasajantaḥ eva
dharmasya ye vighnamūlam narendra
pūrvam naraḥ tān dhṛtimān vinighnan
loke praśaṃsām labhate anavadyām

4. O King, desires (kāma) certainly cling to a person; indeed, they are the root of obstacles to natural law (dharma). A steadfast man who overcomes them earns blameless praise in the world.

Words meanings summery:

• कामाः (kāmāḥ) - desires (kāma) (desires, wishes, passions)

• मनुष्यम् (manuṣyam) - a man, a human being

• प्रसजन्तः (prasajantaḥ) - attaching themselves, clinging, binding

• एव (eva) - certainly, indeed, only, just

• धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of natural law (dharma) (of dharma, of righteousness, of natural law)

• ये (ye) - these (referring to desires) (who, which, those who)

• विघ्नमूलम् (vighnamūlam) - root of obstacles, cause of impediments

• नरेन्द्र (narendra) - O King (addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira) (O King, O ruler of men)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, before, in the past

• नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a person

• तान् (tān) - them (the desires) (them (masculine plural))

• धृतिमान् (dhṛtimān) - steadfast (firm, resolute, steadfast, patient)

• विनिघ्नन् (vinighnan) - overcoming (desires) (striking down, destroying, overcoming, conquering)

• लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

• प्रशंसाम् (praśaṁsām) - praise, commendation

• लभते (labhate) - obtains, gets, receives

• अनवद्याम् (anavadyām) - blameless, faultless, irreproachable

Words meanings and morphology

कामाः (kāmāḥ) - desires (kāma) (desires, wishes, passions)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, love, pleasure, sexual love; god of love

Derived from root 'kam' (to desire).

Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'are'.

मनुष्यम् (manuṣyam) - a man, a human being

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of manuṣya

manuṣya - human being, man, person

Note: Object of the participle 'prasajantaḥ'.

प्रसजन्तः (prasajantaḥ) - attaching themselves, clinging, binding

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pra-sañj

pra-sañj - to cling, to attach oneself, to bind to, to adhere

Present Active Participle

Masculine nominative plural of present active participle from root 'sañj' with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: sañj (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective for 'kāmāḥ'.

एव (eva) - certainly, indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of natural law (dharma) (of dharma, of righteousness, of natural law)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, justice

Derived from root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, sustain).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Relates to 'vighnamūlam'.

ये (ye) - these (referring to desires) (who, which, those who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun, masculine nominative plural.

Note: Refers back to 'kāmāḥ'.

विघ्नमूलम् (vighnamūlam) - root of obstacles, cause of impediments

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vighnamūla

vighnamūla - root of obstacles, source of impediments

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vighna+mūla)

• vighna – obstacle, impediment, hindrance
  noun (masculine)
• mūla – root, origin, basis, foundation
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate noun for 'ye'.

नरेन्द्र (narendra) - O King (addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira) (O King, O ruler of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narendra

narendra - king, ruler of men, chief of men

Compound of 'nara' (man) + 'indra' (chief).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+indra)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, Indra (a god)
  noun (masculine)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, before, in the past

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, human being, person

Note: Subject of 'labhate'.

तान् (tān) - them (the desires) (them (masculine plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this

Masculine accusative plural of 'tad'.

Note: Object of 'vinighnan'.

धृतिमान् (dhṛtimān) - steadfast (firm, resolute, steadfast, patient)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtimat

dhṛtimat - firm, resolute, steadfast, patient, courageous, endowed with perseverance

Derived from 'dhṛti' (firmness, resolve) with possessive suffix '-mat'.

Note: Qualifies 'naraḥ'.

विनिघ्नन् (vinighnan) - overcoming (desires) (striking down, destroying, overcoming, conquering)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vi-han

vi-han - to strike down, to destroy, to overcome, to conquer, to kill

Present Active Participle

Masculine nominative singular of present active participle from root 'han' (to strike/kill) with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Functions as an adjective for 'naraḥ'.

लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, community, space

प्रशंसाम् (praśaṁsām) - praise, commendation

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of praśaṃsā

praśaṁsā - praise, commendation, applause

From 'pra' + √śaṃs (to praise).

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Object of 'labhate'.

लभते (labhate) - obtains, gets, receives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of labh

Present tense

3rd person singular, present middle voice (ātmanepada) from root 'labh'.

Root: labh (class 1)

अनवद्याम् (anavadyām) - blameless, faultless, irreproachable

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of anavadya

anavadya - blameless, faultless, irreproachable, pure

Gerundive

Compound of 'an' (negative prefix) + 'avadya' (blamable, from √vad, to speak).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+avadya)

• an – not, non
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• avadya – blamable, censureable, faulty
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  Derived from 'vad' (to speak) with prefix 'ava'.
  Prefix: ava
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'praśaṃsām'.