महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-27, verse-20

बलं कस्माद्वर्धयित्वा परस्य निजान्कस्मात्कर्शयित्वा सहायान् ।
निरुष्य कस्माद्वर्षपूगान्वनेषु युयुत्ससे पाण्डव हीनकालम् ॥२०॥

20. balaṁ kasmādvardhayitvā parasya; nijānkasmātkarśayitvā sahāyān ,
niruṣya kasmādvarṣapūgānvaneṣu; yuyutsase pāṇḍava hīnakālam.

20. balam kasmāt vardhayitvā parasya
nijān kasmāt karśayitvā sahāyān
niruṣya kasmāt varṣapūgān
vaneṣu yuyutsase pāṇḍava hīnakālam

20. Why, O Pāṇḍava, having increased the enemy's strength, and why, having weakened your own allies, and why, having dwelt for many years in the forests, do you now desire to fight at an inauspicious time?

Words meanings summery:

• बलम् (balam) - strength, power, might

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what, on account of what

• वर्धयित्वा (vardhayitvā) - having increased, having caused to grow

• परस्य (parasya) - of the enemy, of another

• निजान् (nijān) - one's own, relatives, kinsmen

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what, on account of what

• कर्शयित्वा (karśayitvā) - having weakened, having emaciated

• सहायान् (sahāyān) - allies, helpers, companions

• निरुष्य (niruṣya) - having dwelt, having resided

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what, on account of what

• वर्षपूगान् (varṣapūgān) - for many years, heaps of years

• वनेषु (vaneṣu) - in the forests

• युयुत्ससे (yuyutsase) - you desire to fight

• पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - referring to Yudhishthira (O Pāṇḍava, O son of Pāṇḍu)

• हीनकालम् (hīnakālam) - at an improper time, at an inauspicious time

Words meanings and morphology

बलम् (balam) - strength, power, might

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what, on account of what

(indeclinable)

Note: Ablative of 'kim' used adverbially.

वर्धयित्वा (vardhayitvā) - having increased, having caused to grow

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the causative stem of root 'vṛdh'

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

परस्य (parasya) - of the enemy, of another

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, enemy, supreme

निजान् (nijān) - one's own, relatives, kinsmen

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nija

nija - one's own, native, inherent

Note: Used as a noun, meaning 'one's own people/relatives'.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what, on account of what

(indeclinable)

Note: Ablative of 'kim' used adverbially.

कर्शयित्वा (karśayitvā) - having weakened, having emaciated

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the causative stem of root 'kṛś'

Root: kṛś (class 4)

सहायान् (sahāyān) - allies, helpers, companions

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sahāya

sahāya - help, aid, companion, assistant

निरुष्य (niruṣya) - having dwelt, having resided

(indeclinable)

Prefix: ni

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (Gerund) from root 'vas' with prefix 'ni'.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what, on account of what

(indeclinable)

Note: Ablative of 'kim' used adverbially.

वर्षपूगान् (varṣapūgān) - for many years, heaps of years

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of varṣapūga

varṣapūga - a multitude/heap of years, many years

Compound type : tatpurusha (varṣa+pūga)

• varṣa – year, rain
  noun (neuter)
• pūga – mass, heap, multitude
  noun (masculine)

वनेषु (vaneṣu) - in the forests

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

युयुत्ससे (yuyutsase) - you desire to fight

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of yudh

Desiderative

Desiderative stem from root 'yudh'

Root: yudh (class 4)

पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - referring to Yudhishthira (O Pāṇḍava, O son of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu

हीनकालम् (hīnakālam) - at an improper time, at an inauspicious time

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hīnakāla

hīnakāla - improper time, unfavorable time

Compound type : tatpurusha (hīna+kāla)

• hīna – deficient, abandoned, inferior
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'hā'
  Root: hā (class 3)
• kāla – time, season, proper time
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'at an improper time'.