महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-27, verse-5

निबन्धनी ह्यर्थतृष्णेह पार्थ तामेषतो बाध्यते धर्म एव ।
धर्मं तु यः प्रवृणीते स बुद्धः कामे गृद्धो हीयतेऽर्थानुरोधात् ॥५॥

5. nibandhanī hyarthatṛṣṇeha pārtha; tāmeṣato bādhyate dharma eva ,
dharmaṁ tu yaḥ pravṛṇīte sa buddhaḥ; kāme gṛddho hīyate'rthānurodhāt.

5. nibandhanī hi arthatṛṣṇā iha pārtha
tām eṣataḥ bādhyate dharmaḥ eva
dharmam tu yaḥ pravṛṇīte saḥ buddhaḥ
kāme gṛddhaḥ hīyate arthānurodhāt

5. O Pārtha, indeed, the thirst for wealth (artha-tṛṣṇā) in this world is a binding force; by pursuing it, natural law (dharma) itself is obstructed. But he who chooses natural law (dharma) is wise; one who is greedy for desires (kāma) suffers loss due to his dependence on wealth.

Words meanings summery:

• निबन्धनी (nibandhanī) - binding, fettering, causing bondage

• हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, for, because)

• अर्थतृष्णा (arthatṛṣṇā) - thirst for wealth (artha-tṛṣṇā) (thirst for wealth, craving for profit)

• इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world)

• पार्थ (pārtha) - O Pārtha (addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira or Arjuna) (O Pārtha, O son of Pṛthā)

• ताम् (tām) - her (the thirst for wealth) (her, that (feminine singular))

• एषतः (eṣataḥ) - by pursuing (it, the wealth-thirst) (from desiring, from seeking, by pursuing)

• बाध्यते (bādhyate) - is obstructed, is hindered (is hindered, is oppressed, is afflicted, is obstructed)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty)

• एव (eva) - certainly, indeed, only, just

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (dharma, righteousness, natural law)

• तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• प्रवृणीते (pravṛṇīte) - chooses, selects, prefers

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• बुद्धः (buddhaḥ) - wise (wise, enlightened, awakened)

• कामे (kāme) - in desire, regarding desire

• गृद्धः (gṛddhaḥ) - greedy (for desires) (greedy, eager, intensely desirous)

• हीयते (hīyate) - suffers loss, declines (is abandoned, is deprived, suffers loss, declines, perishes)

• अर्थानुरोधात् (arthānurodhāt) - due to his dependence on wealth (due to subservience to wealth, from attachment to worldly objects)

Words meanings and morphology

निबन्धनी (nibandhanī) - binding, fettering, causing bondage

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nibandhanī

nibandhana - binding, fettering, causing bondage, a bond, tie

Feminine form of the adjective 'nibandhana', derived from 'ni' + √bandh (to bind) + -ana suffix.

Prefix: ni

Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'arthatṛṣṇā'.

हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic/causal particle.

अर्थतृष्णा (arthatṛṣṇā) - thirst for wealth (artha-tṛṣṇā) (thirst for wealth, craving for profit)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of arthatṛṣṇā

arthatṛṣṇā - thirst for wealth, greed for gain, craving for profit

Compound of 'artha' (wealth) and 'tṛṣṇā' (thirst).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (artha+tṛṣṇā)

• artha – wealth, purpose, meaning, object
  noun (masculine)
• tṛṣṇā – thirst, craving, desire
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root 'tṛṣ' (to thirst).
  Root: tṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Subject of the first clause.

इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place.

पार्थ (pārtha) - O Pārtha (addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira or Arjuna) (O Pārtha, O son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), patronymic for Yudhiṣṭhira, Arjuna, Bhīma

Patronymic from Pṛthā.

ताम् (tām) - her (the thirst for wealth) (her, that (feminine singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Feminine accusative singular of 'tad'.

Note: Object of the implied action 'to pursue', related to 'eṣataḥ'.

एषतः (eṣataḥ) - by pursuing (it, the wealth-thirst) (from desiring, from seeking, by pursuing)

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of eṣat

eṣat - seeking, desiring, pursuing

Present Active Participle

Genitive or ablative singular of the present active participle from root 'iṣ' (to seek/desire). Here used in ablative sense for cause/means.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Causal ablative, 'by seeking/pursuing it'.

बाध्यते (bādhyate) - is obstructed, is hindered (is hindered, is oppressed, is afflicted, is obstructed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of bādh

Present tense, Passive voice

3rd person singular, present passive voice from root 'bādh'.

Root: bādh (class 1)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, justice

Derived from root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, sustain).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'bādhyate'.

एव (eva) - certainly, indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes 'dharmaḥ'.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (dharma, righteousness, natural law)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, justice

Derived from root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, sustain).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'pravṛṇīte'.

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Adversative particle.

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Masculine nominative singular of 'yad'.

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of 'pravṛṇīte'.

प्रवृणीते (pravṛṇīte) - chooses, selects, prefers

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pra-vṛ

Present tense

3rd person singular, present middle voice (ātmanepada) from root 'vṛ' (to choose) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛ (class 9)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it, this

Masculine nominative singular of 'tad'.

Note: Correlative pronoun to 'yaḥ'.

बुद्धः (buddhaḥ) - wise (wise, enlightened, awakened)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of buddha

buddha - awakened, enlightened, wise, understood

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'budh' (to know, awaken), used as a substantive adjective.

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'saḥ'.

कामे (kāme) - in desire, regarding desire

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, love, pleasure

Derived from root 'kam' (to desire).

Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Meaning 'with respect to desire' or 'in the matter of desire'.

गृद्धः (gṛddhaḥ) - greedy (for desires) (greedy, eager, intensely desirous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gṛddha

gṛddha - greedy, eager, intensely desirous, covetous

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'gṛdh' (to covet, be greedy).

Root: gṛdh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject of 'hīyate'.

हीयते (hīyate) - suffers loss, declines (is abandoned, is deprived, suffers loss, declines, perishes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of hā

Present tense, Passive/Middle voice

3rd person singular, present middle voice (ātmanepada) or passive voice from root 'hā' (to abandon, lose).

Root: hā (class 3)

अर्थानुरोधात् (arthānurodhāt) - due to his dependence on wealth (due to subservience to wealth, from attachment to worldly objects)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of arthānurodha

arthānurodha - subservience to wealth, consideration for gain, dependence on worldly objects

Compound of 'artha' (wealth) + 'anurodha' (compliance, dependence).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (artha+anurodha)

• artha – wealth, purpose, object
  noun (masculine)
• anurodha – compliance, dependence, regard
  noun (masculine)
  From 'anu' + √rudh (to obstruct/yield).
  Prefix: anu
  Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Causal ablative.