महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-27, verse-23

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अव्याधिजं कटुकं शीर्षरोगं यशोमुषं पापफलोदयं च ।
सतां पेयं यन्न पिबन्त्यसन्तो मन्युं महाराज पिब प्रशाम्य ॥२३॥

23. avyādhijaṁ kaṭukaṁ śīrṣarogaṁ; yaśomuṣaṁ pāpaphalodayaṁ ca ,
satāṁ peyaṁ yanna pibantyasanto; manyuṁ mahārāja piba praśāmya.

23. avyādhijam kaṭukam śīrṣarogam
yaśomuṣam pāpaphalodayam ca
satām peyam yat na pibanti asantaḥ
manyum mahārāja piba praśāmya

23. O great king, swallow that anger (manyu) which, though not born of disease, is bitter, causes headaches, steals reputation, and leads to sinful outcomes. It is drunk by the virtuous, but not by the wicked. Be pacified.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

अव्याधिजम् (avyādhijam) - not born of disease, not caused by illness

कटुकम् (kaṭukam) - bitter, harsh, sharp

शीर्षरोगम् (śīrṣarogam) - headache, disease of the head

यशोमुषम् (yaśomuṣam) - destroying reputation, stealing fame

पापफलोदयम् (pāpaphalodayam) - giving rise to sinful results, leading to sinful consequences

च (ca) - and, also

सताम् (satām) - of the good, of the virtuous, of the wise

पेयम् (peyam) - to be drunk, drinkable, worthy of being drunk

यत् (yat) - which, that (relative pronoun)

न (na) - not, no

पिबन्ति (pibanti) - they drink

असन्तः (asantaḥ) - the wicked, the bad, the non-existent

मन्युम् (manyum) - anger, wrath, passion

महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O great king!)

पिब (piba) - Metaphorically, 'swallow' or 'suppress' (anger). (drink! (imperative))

प्रशाम्य (praśāmya) - be pacified! calm down!

Words meanings and morphology

अव्याधिजम् (avyādhijam) - not born of disease, not caused by illness

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avyādhija

avyādhija - not born of disease, not caused by illness

Compound: Nañ-tatpuruṣa followed by Upapada-tatpuruṣa (vyādhi-ja)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+vyādhi+ja)

a – not, un-
indeclinable
Negation prefix
vyādhi – disease, sickness, illness
noun (masculine)
From vi-ā-dhā
Prefixes: vi+ā
Root: dhā (class 3)
ja – born of, produced from, arising from
adjective (masculine)
From root jan (to be born)
Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'manyum' (anger).

कटुकम् (kaṭukam) - bitter, harsh, sharp

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kaṭuka

kaṭuka - bitter, pungent, harsh, sharp, cruel

Note: Modifies 'manyum'.

शीर्षरोगम् (śīrṣarogam) - headache, disease of the head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śīrṣaroga

śīrṣaroga - headache, disease of the head

Compound: śīrṣa (head) + roga (disease)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śīrṣa+roga)

śīrṣa – head, top
noun (neuter)
roga – disease, sickness, affliction
noun (masculine)
From root ruj (to break, to be sick)
Root: ruj (class 6)

Note: Functions here as an adjective modifying 'manyum', describing a characteristic of anger.

यशोमुषम् (yaśomuṣam) - destroying reputation, stealing fame

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yaśomuṣa

yaśomuṣa - destroying reputation, stealing fame

Compound: yaśas (fame) + muṣa (stealing/destroying, from root muṣ)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (yaśas+muṣa)

yaśas – fame, glory, reputation
noun (neuter)
muṣa – stealing, robbing, destroying
adjective (masculine)
Agent noun from root muṣ
Root: muṣ (class 9)

Note: Modifies 'manyum'.

पापफलोदयम् (pāpaphalodayam) - giving rise to sinful results, leading to sinful consequences

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāpaphalodaya

pāpaphalodaya - giving rise to sinful results, leading to sinful consequences

Compound: pāpa (sin) + phala (fruit/result) + udaya (arising/occurrence)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāpa+phala+udaya)

pāpa – sin, evil, wicked
noun (neuter)
phala – fruit, result, consequence
noun (neuter)
udaya – rising, appearance, origin, prosperity
noun (masculine)
From ud-i (to rise)
Prefix: ud
Root: i (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'manyum'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

सताम् (satām) - of the good, of the virtuous, of the wise

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sat

sat - existent, good, virtuous, noble, wise

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of 'as' (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Genitive plural modifying 'manyum' implicitly, as in 'anger worthy of good people'.

पेयम् (peyam) - to be drunk, drinkable, worthy of being drunk

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of peya

peya - to be drunk, drinkable

Gerundive (Kṛtya)

From root pā (to drink) + ya(t) suffix

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'manyum' (anger).

यत् (yat) - which, that (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that, whoever, whatever

Note: Refers to 'manyum'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negation particle.

पिबन्ति (pibanti) - they drink

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pā

Present Tense, Third Person Plural

Root pā (first conjugation, class 1) with vikaraṇa śyaN becoming piba

Root: pā (class 1)

असन्तः (asantaḥ) - the wicked, the bad, the non-existent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, bad, wicked

Present Active Participle (negative)

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of 'a' (not) and 'sat' (present participle of as, to be)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sat)

a – not, un-
indeclinable
Negation prefix
sat – existent, good, virtuous, noble, wise
adjective (masculine)
Present Active Participle
Present active participle of 'as' (to be)
Root: as (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'pibanti'.

मन्युम् (manyum) - anger, wrath, passion

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of manyu

manyu - anger, wrath, passion, fury

From root man (to think, perceive), related to mind/emotion.

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Direct object of 'piba'.

महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O great king!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārājan

mahārājan - great king, emperor