महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-174, verse-20

अब्रवीद्वेपमानश्च कन्यामार्तां सुदुःखितः ।
मा गाः पितृगृहं भद्रे मातुस्ते जनको ह्यहम् ॥२०॥

20. abravīdvepamānaśca kanyāmārtāṁ suduḥkhitaḥ ,
mā gāḥ pitṛgṛhaṁ bhadre mātuste janako hyaham.

20. abravīt vepamānaḥ ca kanyām ārtām suduḥkhitaḥ mā
gāḥ pitṛgṛham bhadre mātuḥ te janakaḥ hi aham

20. ca vepamānaḥ suduḥkhitaḥ (saḥ) ārtām kanyām abravīt: "bhadre,
pitṛgṛham mā gāḥ hi aham te mātuḥ janakaḥ"

20. And, trembling and deeply grieved, he spoke to his distressed daughter (Ambā): 'O gentle one, do not go to your father's house; for I am indeed your mother's father.'

Words meanings summery:

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• वेपमानः (vepamānaḥ) - Refers to the maternal grandfather (trembling, shaking)

• च (ca) - and, also

• कन्याम् (kanyām) - Refers to Ambā (daughter, girl, maiden)

• आर्ताम् (ārtām) - distressed, afflicted, suffering

• सुदुःखितः (suduḥkhitaḥ) - Refers to the maternal grandfather (very much grieved, greatly distressed)

• मा (mā) - Used with prohibitive aorist (do not, not)

• गाः (gāḥ) - do not go (you go, go)

• पितृगृहम् (pitṛgṛham) - Ambā's father's house (King of Kāśi), which is not the speaker's house. (father's house, paternal home)

• भद्रे (bhadre) - An address to Ambā (O gentle one, O virtuous one, O blessed one)

• मातुः (mātuḥ) - your mother's (of the mother)

• ते (te) - your (Ambā's) mother (your, to you)

• जनकः (janakaḥ) - your mother's father (maternal grandfather) (father, progenitor)

• हि (hi) - Emphasizes the statement (indeed, surely, because)

• अहम् (aham) - Refers to the speaker, Ambā's maternal grandfather (I)

Words meanings and morphology

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

root brū (2nd class)

Root: brū (class 2)

वेपमानः (vepamānaḥ) - Refers to the maternal grandfather (trembling, shaking)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vepamāna

vepamāna - trembling, shaking

present active participle (ātmanepada)

from root vep (to tremble) with śānac suffix

Root: vep (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कन्याम् (kanyām) - Refers to Ambā (daughter, girl, maiden)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kanyā

kanyā - daughter, girl, maiden

आर्ताम् (ārtām) - distressed, afflicted, suffering

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, suffering

past passive participle

from root ṛ (to go, move) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 1)

सुदुःखितः (suduḥkhitaḥ) - Refers to the maternal grandfather (very much grieved, greatly distressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suduḥkhita

suduḥkhita - very much grieved

past passive participle

from root duḥkh with prefix su

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+duḥkhita)

• su – very, good, excellent
  indeclinable
• duḥkhita – grieved, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  from root duḥkh
  Root: duḥkh (class 1)

मा (mā) - Used with prohibitive aorist (do not, not)

(indeclinable)

गाः (gāḥ) - do not go (you go, go)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, prohibitive aorist (luṅ) of gam

root gam (1st class)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Prohibitive aorist often uses 'mā + aorist'

पितृगृहम् (pitṛgṛham) - Ambā's father's house (King of Kāśi), which is not the speaker's house. (father's house, paternal home)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pitṛgṛha

pitṛgṛha - father's house

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+gṛha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• gṛha – house, home
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Ambā's own father's house, not the speaker's (maternal grandfather's).

भद्रे (bhadre) - An address to Ambā (O gentle one, O virtuous one, O blessed one)

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of bhadra

bhadra - gentle, good, auspicious, blessed

मातुः (mātuḥ) - your mother's (of the mother)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

ते (te) - your (Ambā's) mother (your, to you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Note: Enclitic form

जनकः (janakaḥ) - your mother's father (maternal grandfather) (father, progenitor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janaka

janaka - father, producer, progenitor

from root jan (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

हि (hi) - Emphasizes the statement (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - Refers to the speaker, Ambā's maternal grandfather (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me