महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-168, verse-21

काश्यः परमशीघ्रास्त्रः श्लाघनीयो रथोत्तमः ।
रथ एकगुणो मह्यं मतः परपुरंजयः ॥२१॥

21. kāśyaḥ paramaśīghrāstraḥ ślāghanīyo rathottamaḥ ,
ratha ekaguṇo mahyaṁ mataḥ parapuraṁjayaḥ.

21. kāśyaḥ paramaśīghrāstraḥ ślāghanīyaḥ rathottamaḥ
rathaḥ ekaguṇaḥ mahyam mataḥ parapurañjayaḥ

21. kāśyaḥ paramaśīghrāstraḥ ślāghanīyaḥ rathottamaḥ (asti).
saḥ mahyam ekaguṇaḥ parapurañjayaḥ rathaḥ mataḥ.

21. The king of Kāśī (Kāśya), who is extremely swift with weapons, is a praiseworthy and excellent charioteer. By me, he is considered a charioteer of unique caliber, a conqueror of enemy cities.

Words meanings summery:

• काश्यः (kāśyaḥ) - The King of Kāśī (proper name) (king of Kāśī, a native of Kāśī)

• परमशीघ्रास्त्रः (paramaśīghrāstraḥ) - extremely swift with weapons (having extremely swift weapons, very quick in archery)

• श्लाघनीयः (ślāghanīyaḥ) - praiseworthy (praiseworthy, commendable, laudable)

• रथोत्तमः (rathottamaḥ) - excellent charioteer (best of charioteers, excellent charioteer)

• रथः (rathaḥ) - charioteer (a warrior in a chariot) (charioteer, warrior, chariot)

• एकगुणः (ekaguṇaḥ) - of unique caliber (singular prowess) (of one quality, of singular merit, of primary excellence)

• मह्यम् (mahyam) - by me (Duryodhana) (to me, for me, by me)

• मतः (mataḥ) - considered (by me) (thought, considered, esteemed, opinion)

• परपुरञ्जयः (parapurañjayaḥ) - conqueror of enemy cities

Words meanings and morphology

काश्यः (kāśyaḥ) - The King of Kāśī (proper name) (king of Kāśī, a native of Kāśī)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāśya

kāśya - King of Kāśī, belonging to Kāśī

Derived from Kāśi, indicating origin or ruler.

परमशीघ्रास्त्रः (paramaśīghrāstraḥ) - extremely swift with weapons (having extremely swift weapons, very quick in archery)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paramaśīghrāstra

paramaśīghrāstra - one whose weapons are exceedingly swift; exceedingly quick in use of weapons

Bahuvrīhi compound: parama (supreme) + śīghra (swift) + astra (weapon).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (parama+śīghra+astra)

• parama – supreme, highest, utmost, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
• śīghra – swift, quick, rapid
  adjective (masculine)
• astra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)

श्लाघनीयः (ślāghanīyaḥ) - praiseworthy (praiseworthy, commendable, laudable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ślāghanīya

ślāghanīya - praiseworthy, laudable, commendable

Gerundive

Gerundive from root ślāgh (to praise).

Root: ślāgh (class 1)

रथोत्तमः (rathottamaḥ) - excellent charioteer (best of charioteers, excellent charioteer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathottama

rathottama - best charioteer, foremost warrior in a chariot

Compound (tatpuruṣa) of ratha (chariot/charioteer) and uttama (best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+uttama)

• ratha – chariot, car; charioteer, warrior in a chariot
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – highest, best, excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine)

रथः (rathaḥ) - charioteer (a warrior in a chariot) (charioteer, warrior, chariot)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car; charioteer, warrior in a chariot

Root: raś (class 1)

Note: Here refers to a warrior.

एकगुणः (ekaguṇaḥ) - of unique caliber (singular prowess) (of one quality, of singular merit, of primary excellence)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ekaguṇa

ekaguṇa - having one quality, possessing singular merit, excellent, eminent

Bahuvrīhi compound: eka (one) + guṇa (quality, merit).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (eka+guṇa)

• eka – one, single, unique
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, attribute, excellence, merit, factor
  noun (masculine)

मह्यम् (mahyam) - by me (Duryodhana) (to me, for me, by me)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Dative singular of asmad, used here with the sense of 'by me' or 'in my opinion' when accompanying a passive participle or verbal adjective.

Note: Often used with passive constructions or verbs of 'thinking' to indicate the agent or the perspective.

मतः (mataḥ) - considered (by me) (thought, considered, esteemed, opinion)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mata

mata - thought, considered, esteemed, agreed upon, opinion

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle from root man (to think, believe).

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective here, implying 'is considered'.

परपुरञ्जयः (parapurañjayaḥ) - conqueror of enemy cities

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parapurañjaya

parapurañjaya - conqueror of hostile cities or fortresses

Compound (upapada-tatpuruṣa) of para (enemy) + pura (city) + √ji (to conquer) with -a suffix forming an agent noun/adjective.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+pura+jaya)

• para – other, hostile, enemy
  adjective (masculine)
• pura – city, fortress, town
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, victorious
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √ji 'to conquer'.
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Describes the warrior Kāśya.