महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-165, verse-9

एतच्छ्रुत्वा तु राधेयः क्रोधादुत्फुल्ललोचनः ।
उवाच भीष्मं राजेन्द्र तुदन्वाग्भिः प्रतोदवत् ॥९॥

9. etacchrutvā tu rādheyaḥ krodhādutphullalocanaḥ ,
uvāca bhīṣmaṁ rājendra tudanvāgbhiḥ pratodavat.

9. etat śrutvā tu rādheyaḥ krodhāt utphullalocanaḥ
uvāca bhīṣmam rājendra tudan vāgbhiḥ pratodavat

9. etat śrutvā tu krodhāt utphullalocanaḥ rādheyaḥ
bhīṣmam rājendra uvāca vāgbhiḥ pratodavat tudan

9. Having heard this, Karṇa, the son of Rādhā (rādheya), his eyes wide open with rage, spoke to Bhīṣma, O king of kings (rājendra), tormenting him with words as if with a goad.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - refers to Droṇa's preceding statement about Karṇa. (this)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• तु (tu) - Introduces a contrasting or emphasizing statement. (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• राधेयः (rādheyaḥ) - Karṇa is known as Rādheya, as he was raised by Rādhā. (son of Rādhā (Karṇa))

• क्रोधात् (krodhāt) - from anger, with anger

• उत्फुल्ललोचनः (utphullalocanaḥ) - Describes Karṇa's angry expression. (with wide-open eyes, with blazing eyes)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - The grand-uncle of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas, and the commander-in-chief of the Kaurava army. (to Bhīṣma)

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - A respectful address to Bhīṣma. (O king of kings, O chief of kings)

• तुदन् (tudan) - Describes Karṇa's words as being harsh and hurtful. (piercing, tormenting, vexing)

• वाग्भिः (vāgbhiḥ) - with words, by speeches

• प्रतोदवत् (pratodavat) - Compares the impact of Karṇa's words to a goad. (like a goad, like a whip)

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - refers to Droṇa's preceding statement about Karṇa. (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root śru with -ktvā suffix

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

तु (tu) - Introduces a contrasting or emphasizing statement. (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

राधेयः (rādheyaḥ) - Karṇa is known as Rādheya, as he was raised by Rādhā. (son of Rādhā (Karṇa))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rādheya

rādheya - son of Rādhā; Karṇa

Paternal or maternal derivative from Rādhā with -eya suffix

Note: Refers to Karṇa.

क्रोधात् (krodhāt) - from anger, with anger

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of krodha

krodha - anger, wrath

Root: kudh (class 4)

Note: Indicates cause or manner.

उत्फुल्ललोचनः (utphullalocanaḥ) - Describes Karṇa's angry expression. (with wide-open eyes, with blazing eyes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of utphullalocana

utphullalocana - having wide-open eyes, with blooming or blazing eyes

From utphulla (blossomed, wide-open) + locana (eye)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (utphulla+locana)

• utphulla – blossomed, wide-open, expanded
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From ut (up, forth) + root phal (to burst forth), with kta suffix
  Prefix: ut
  Root: phal (class 1)
• locana – eye
  noun (neuter)
  Root: loc (class 10)

Note: Refers to Karṇa.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

root 'vac' changes to 'uvac' in perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - The grand-uncle of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas, and the commander-in-chief of the Kaurava army. (to Bhīṣma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, formidable; proper name

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Object of 'uvāca'.

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - A respectful address to Bhīṣma. (O king of kings, O chief of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - chief of kings, king of kings

From rājan (king) + indra (chief)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, Indra (deity)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used as an address to Bhīṣma.

तुदन् (tudan) - Describes Karṇa's words as being harsh and hurtful. (piercing, tormenting, vexing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tudat

tudat - piercing, striking, tormenting

Present Active Participle

From root tud (to strike, pierce) with śatṛ suffix

Root: tud (class 6)

Note: Modifies Karṇa (rādheyaḥ).

वाग्भिः (vāgbhiḥ) - with words, by speeches

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - word, speech, voice

Note: Instrument of 'tudan'.

प्रतोदवत् (pratodavat) - Compares the impact of Karṇa's words to a goad. (like a goad, like a whip)

(indeclinable)

From pratoda (goad) with -vat suffix (indicating likeness or possession)

Prefix: prati

Root: tud (class 6)

Note: Adverbial usage, comparing the words to a goad.