महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-165, verse-13

को हि नाम समानेषु राजसूदात्तकर्मसु ।
तेजोवधमिमं कुर्याद्विभेदयिषुराहवे ।
यथा त्वं गुणनिर्देशादपराधं चिकीर्षसि ॥१३॥

13. ko hi nāma samāneṣu rājasūdāttakarmasu ,
tejovadhamimaṁ kuryādvibhedayiṣurāhave ,
yathā tvaṁ guṇanirdeśādaparādhaṁ cikīrṣasi.

13. kaḥ hi nāma samāneṣu rājasu
udāttakarmasu | tejovadham imam kuryāt
vibhedayişuḥ āhave | yathā tvam
guṇanirdeśāt aparādham cikīrṣasi

13. hi nāma kaḥ samāneṣu udāttakarmasu
rājasu imam tejovadham
vibhedayişuḥ āhave kuryāt yathā tvam
guṇanirdeśāt aparādham cikīrṣasi

13. Who indeed, among kings of equal standing and noble deeds, would inflict such an insult to their valor, especially when desiring to cause division in battle? Yet, you seek to commit an offense through your mention of [their] qualities.

Words meanings summery:

• कः (kaḥ) - who

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• नाम (nāma) - indeed, by name, to be sure

• समानेषु (samāneṣu) - among equals, among those of equal rank

• राजसु (rājasu) - among kings

• उदात्तकर्मसु (udāttakarmasu) - among those with noble deeds, among performers of noble acts

• तेजोवधम् (tejovadham) - diminution of glory, insult to valor

• इमम् (imam) - this

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - would do, should do, might do

• विभेदयिşउः (vibhedayişuḥ) - wishing to cause dissension, intending to divide

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in conflict

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• गुणनिर्देशात् (guṇanirdeśāt) - from the mention of qualities, by indicating merits

• अपराधम् (aparādham) - offense, fault, crime

• चिकीर्षसि (cikīrṣasi) - you wish to do, you intend to commit

Words meanings and morphology

कः (kaḥ) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ka

ka - who, what

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

नाम (nāma) - indeed, by name, to be sure

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable usage derived from the noun 'nāman'.

समानेषु (samāneṣu) - among equals, among those of equal rank

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of samāna

samāna - equal, similar, like

Prefix sam + āna (from root an 'to breathe' or 'to live')

Prefix: sam

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'rājasu' and 'udāttakarmasu'.

राजसु (rājasu) - among kings

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

उदात्तकर्मसु (udāttakarmasu) - among those with noble deeds, among performers of noble acts

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of udāttakarman

udāttakarman - having noble deeds, performing exalted acts

Bahuvrīhi compound: udātta ('noble, exalted') + karman ('deed, action')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (udātta+karman)

• udātta – noble, high, exalted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix ut + root dā ('to give') or root do ('to cut, divide')
  Prefix: ut
  Root: dā (class 3)
• karman – action, deed, work, ritual (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  From root kṛ ('to do')
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'rājasu'.

तेजोवधम् (tejovadham) - diminution of glory, insult to valor

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tejovadha

tejovadha - killing or destruction of splendor/valor, insult to prowess

Compound of tejas ('splendor, valor') and vadha ('killing, destruction')

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (tejas+vadha)

• tejas – splendor, glory, power, valor
  noun (neuter)
• vadha – killing, destruction, injury
  noun (masculine)
  From root vadh ('to strike, kill')
  Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Object of 'kuryāt'.

इमम् (imam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Agrees with 'tejovadham'.

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - would do, should do, might do

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, potential/optative (vidhi-liṅ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

विभेदयिşउः (vibhedayişuḥ) - wishing to cause dissension, intending to divide

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vibhedayişu

vibhedayişu - desirous of breaking asunder, wishing to cause dissension

Desiderative Stem Noun/Adjective

From desiderative stem of root bhid ('to break'), with prefix vi, causative -aya, and desiderative suffix -işu.

Prefix: vi

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Modifies the implied subject of 'kuryāt'.

आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, war, conflict

From prefix ā + root hu ('to sacrifice') or root hve ('to call')

Prefix: ā

Root: hu (class 3)

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

(indeclinable)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvad

tvad - you

गुणनिर्देशात् (guṇanirdeśāt) - from the mention of qualities, by indicating merits

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of guṇanirdeśa

guṇanirdeśa - mention of qualities, indication of merits/virtues

Compound of guṇa ('quality, virtue') and nirdeśa ('mention, indication')

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (guṇa+nirdeśa)

• guṇa – quality, virtue, merit, attribute
  noun (masculine)
• nirdeśa – mention, indication, instruction
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix nir + root diś ('to point out')
  Prefix: nis
  Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Indicates the cause or means.

अपराधम् (aparādham) - offense, fault, crime

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aparādha

aparādha - offense, fault, crime, transgression

From prefix apa + root rādh ('to succeed, to offend')

Prefix: apa

Root: rādh (class 4)

Note: Object of 'cikīrṣasi'.

चिकीर्षसि (cikīrṣasi) - you wish to do, you intend to commit

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of cikīrṣ

Desiderative Verb

Desiderative stem of root kṛ ('to do'), with reduplication and desiderative suffix -sa.

Root: kṛ (class 8)