महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-165, verse-10

पितामह यथेष्टं मां वाक्शरैरुपकृन्तसि ।
अनागसं सदा द्वेषादेवमेव पदे पदे ।
मर्षयामि च तत्सर्वं दुर्योधनकृतेन वै ॥१०॥

10. pitāmaha yatheṣṭaṁ māṁ vākśarairupakṛntasi ,
anāgasaṁ sadā dveṣādevameva pade pade ,
marṣayāmi ca tatsarvaṁ duryodhanakṛtena vai.

10. pitāmaha yatheṣṭam mām vākśaraiḥ
upakṛntasi anāgasam sadā dveṣāt
evam eva pade pade marṣayāmi ca
tat sarvam duryodhanakṛtena vai

10. pitāmaha yatheṣṭam anāgasam mām
sadā dveṣāt evam eva pade pade
vākśaraiḥ upakṛntasi ca tat sarvam
duryodhanakṛtena vai marṣayāmi

10. O Grandfather (pitāmaha), you pierce me with word-arrows as you please, though I am innocent, always out of malice (dveṣa), repeatedly in this very way. Yet, I endure all of it for Duryodhana's sake.

Words meanings summery:

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - Vocative address to Bhīṣma, who is Karṇa's grand-uncle. (O Grandfather)

• यथेष्टम् (yatheṣṭam) - Describes Bhīṣma's actions as arbitrary or unrestrained. (as desired, as much as desired, to one's heart's content)

• माम् (mām) - Refers to Karṇa, who is speaking. (me)

• वाक्शरैः (vākśaraiḥ) - Karṇa describes Bhīṣma's harsh words as metaphorical arrows. (with word-arrows)

• उपकृन्तसि (upakṛntasi) - Describes the hurtful effect of Bhīṣma's words on Karṇa. (you cut, you wound, you injure)

• अनागसम् (anāgasam) - Karṇa asserts his blamelessness in the face of Bhīṣma's accusations. (innocent, guiltless, harmless)

• सदा (sadā) - Emphasizes the continuous nature of Bhīṣma's animosity. (always, ever)

• द्वेषात् (dveṣāt) - Karṇa attributes Bhīṣma's actions to personal malice (dveṣa). (from hatred, out of animosity)

• एवम् (evam) - Refers to the way Bhīṣma constantly criticizes Karṇa. (thus, in this manner)

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes "evam" (in this very manner). (indeed, only)

• पदे (pade) - Repetition indicates "at every step" or "repeatedly." (in a step, at a place)

• पदे (pade) - in a step, at a place

• मर्षयामि (marṣayāmi) - Karṇa expresses his endurance of Bhīṣma's insults. (I tolerate, I forgive, I endure)

• च (ca) - Connects the two parts of Karṇa's statement. (and, also)

• तत् (tat) - Refers to all the insults and harsh words mentioned. (that)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - Emphasizes that Karṇa tolerates all of Bhīṣma's insults. (all, whole, entire)

• दुर्योधनकृतेन (duryodhanakṛtena) - Karṇa endures insults for his friend Duryodhana. (for Duryodhana's sake, by Duryodhana's doing)

• वै (vai) - Emphatic particle. (indeed, certainly)

Words meanings and morphology

पितामह (pitāmaha) - Vocative address to Bhīṣma, who is Karṇa's grand-uncle. (O Grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather; Brahmā

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great, mighty
  adjective

यथेष्टम् (yatheṣṭam) - Describes Bhīṣma's actions as arbitrary or unrestrained. (as desired, as much as desired, to one's heart's content)

(indeclinable)

From yathā (as) + iṣṭa (desired)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+iṣṭa)

• yathā – as, just as, in what manner
  indeclinable
• iṣṭa – desired, wished; sacrifice
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root iṣ (to wish, desire) with kta suffix
  Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Adverbial usage.

माम् (mām) - Refers to Karṇa, who is speaking. (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Object of 'upakṛntasi'.

वाक्शरैः (vākśaraiḥ) - Karṇa describes Bhīṣma's harsh words as metaphorical arrows. (with word-arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vākśara

vākśara - word-arrow, verbal taunt

From vāc (word) + śara (arrow)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vāc+śara)

• vāc – word, speech
  noun (feminine)
• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)

Note: Instrument by which Karṇa is wounded.

उपकृन्तसि (upakṛntasi) - Describes the hurtful effect of Bhīṣma's words on Karṇa. (you cut, you wound, you injure)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of upakṛnt

Present Active

From upa (near, against) + root kṛnt (to cut), 2nd person singular

Prefix: upa

Root: kṛnt (class 6)

Note: The agent is Bhīṣma (implied by 2nd person verb).

अनागसम् (anāgasam) - Karṇa asserts his blamelessness in the face of Bhīṣma's accusations. (innocent, guiltless, harmless)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anāgas

anāgas - innocent, harmless, faultless

From an (not) + āgas (fault)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (an+āgas)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• āgas – offense, fault, crime
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'mām'.

सदा (sadā) - Emphasizes the continuous nature of Bhīṣma's animosity. (always, ever)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

द्वेषात् (dveṣāt) - Karṇa attributes Bhīṣma's actions to personal malice (dveṣa). (from hatred, out of animosity)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of dveṣa

dveṣa - hatred, enmity, malice (dveṣa)

From root dviṣ (to hate)

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Note: Indicates the cause or source of the action.

एवम् (evam) - Refers to the way Bhīṣma constantly criticizes Karṇa. (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage.

एव (eva) - Emphasizes "evam" (in this very manner). (indeed, only)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

पदे (pade) - Repetition indicates "at every step" or "repeatedly." (in a step, at a place)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pada

pada - step, foot, place, position

पदे (pade) - in a step, at a place

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pada

pada - step, foot, place, position

Note: Repetition ("pade pade") means "at every step, constantly, repeatedly."

मर्षयामि (marṣayāmi) - Karṇa expresses his endurance of Bhīṣma's insults. (I tolerate, I forgive, I endure)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of mṛṣ

Causative Present Active

Causative of root mṛṣ, 1st person singular

Root: mṛṣ (class 1)

Note: The speaker is Karṇa.

च (ca) - Connects the two parts of Karṇa's statement. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - Refers to all the insults and harsh words mentioned. (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'marṣayāmi'.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - Emphasizes that Karṇa tolerates all of Bhīṣma's insults. (all, whole, entire)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'tat'.

दुर्योधनकृतेन (duryodhanakṛtena) - Karṇa endures insults for his friend Duryodhana. (for Duryodhana's sake, by Duryodhana's doing)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duryodhanakṛta

duryodhanakṛta - done for Duryodhana, by Duryodhana's act

From Duryodhana + kṛta (done)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duryodhana+kṛta)

• duryodhana – Duryodhana (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• kṛta – done, made, for the sake of
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do) with kta suffix
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Functions adverbially to indicate reason/purpose.

वै (vai) - Emphatic particle. (indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle, often placed after the second word of a clause.