महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-165, verse-18

भिन्ना हि सेना नृपते दुःसंधेया भवत्युत ।
मौलापि पुरुषव्याघ्र किमु नाना समुत्थिता ॥१८॥

18. bhinnā hi senā nṛpate duḥsaṁdheyā bhavatyuta ,
maulāpi puruṣavyāghra kimu nānā samutthitā.

18. bhinnā hi senā nṛpate duḥsandheyā bhavati uta
maulā api puruṣa-vyāghra kimu nānā sam-utthitā

18. nṛpate,
bhinnā senā hi duḥsandheyā bhavati; uta maulā api.
puruṣa-vyāghra,
kimu (iyaṃ) nānā samutthitā (senā)!

18. O King, a divided army is indeed difficult to reunite, even if it is a hereditary force. O tiger among men, how much more so if it has been assembled from various disparate elements?

18. הו מלך, צבא שנפלג קשה לאחד אותו מחדש, ואפילו אם הוא צבא ותיק מבית. קל וחומר צבא שקם מגורמים שונים, הו גיבור.

Words meanings summery:

• भिन्ना (bhinnā) - divided, broken, disunited

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• सेना (senā) - army, military force

• नृपते (nṛpate) - O King Dhritarashtra (or Duryodhana, if addressed as king) (O king)

• दुःसन्धेया (duḥsandheyā) - difficult to reunite, hard to reconcile

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

• उत (uta) - and, moreover, even

• मौला (maulā) - hereditary, loyal, native (army)

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• पुरुष-व्याघ्र (puruṣa-vyāghra) - O Duryodhana (addressed as 'tiger among men') (O tiger among men, O best of men)

• किमु (kimu) - what then? how much more?

• नाना (nānā) - various, diverse, different

• सम्-उत्थिता (sam-utthitā) - arisen, assembled, formed, composed (from different sources)

Words meanings and morphology

भिन्ना (bhinnā) - divided, broken, disunited

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhinna

bhinna - divided, broken, disunited, distinct

Past Passive Participle

from root bhid (to break, divide)

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'senā'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

सेना (senā) - army, military force

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, military force

Note: Subject of 'bhavati'.

नृपते (nṛpate) - O King Dhritarashtra (or Duryodhana, if addressed as king) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Dhritarashtra or Duryodhana (more likely Dhritarashtra as he is being addressed as King by Vidura).

दुःसन्धेया (duḥsandheyā) - difficult to reunite, hard to reconcile

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duḥsandheya

duḥsandheya - difficult to reunite, hard to reconcile

Gerundive

from dus- + sam- + dhā (root dhā with prefixes sam and dus)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dus+sandheya)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• sandheya – to be joined, to be reconciled
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  from sam + dhā
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'senā'.

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present Tense

Root: bhū (class 1)

उत (uta) - and, moreover, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects phrases.

मौला (maulā) - hereditary, loyal, native (army)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of maula

maula - hereditary, native, traditional, loyal (especially of troops)

from mūla (root, origin)

Note: Agrees with implicit 'senā'.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Intensifying particle.

पुरुष-व्याघ्र (puruṣa-vyāghra) - O Duryodhana (addressed as 'tiger among men') (O tiger among men, O best of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣavyāghra

puruṣavyāghra - tiger among men, best of men, excellent man

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+vyāghra)

• puruṣa – man, human, person
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Duryodhana.

किमु (kimu) - what then? how much more?

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to express "how much more difficult/true is the following statement".

नाना (nānā) - various, diverse, different

(indeclinable)

Note: Qualifies 'samutthitā'.

सम्-उत्थिता (sam-utthitā) - arisen, assembled, formed, composed (from different sources)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of samutthita

samutthita - arisen, stood up, produced, collected, formed

Past Passive Participle

from sam- + ud- + sthā (root sthā with prefixes sam and ud)

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with implicit 'senā'.

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