महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-130, verse-5

कुन्त्युवाच ।
ब्रूयाः केशव राजानं धर्मात्मानं युधिष्ठिरम् ।
भूयांस्ते हीयते धर्मो मा पुत्रक वृथा कृथाः ॥५॥

5. kuntyuvāca ,
brūyāḥ keśava rājānaṁ dharmātmānaṁ yudhiṣṭhiram ,
bhūyāṁste hīyate dharmo mā putraka vṛthā kṛthāḥ.

5. kuntī uvāca | brūyāḥ keśava rājānam dharmātmānam yudhiṣṭhiram
| bhūyāms te hīyate dharmaḥ mā putrakā vṛthā kṛthāḥ

5. kuntī uvāca keśava,
tvaṃ dharmātmānam rājānam yudhiṣṭhiram brūyāḥ te bhūyāms dharmaḥ hīyate putrakā,
vṛthā mā kṛthāḥ

5. Kunti said: O Keśava, you should tell King Yudhiṣṭhira, who embodies righteousness (dharmātman), that a great part of his natural law (dharma) is being diminished. My son, do not act in vain.

Words meanings summery:

• कुन्ती (kuntī) - Kunti, mother of the Pāṇḍavas (Kunti)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ब्रूयाः (brūyāḥ) - you should say, you should tell

• केशव (keśava) - O Keśava, referring to Kṛṣṇa (O Keśava)

• राजानम् (rājānam) - king

• धर्मात्मानम् (dharmātmānam) - King Yudhiṣṭhira, who is righteous in his intrinsic nature (dharma) (righteous in spirit, whose soul is dharma)

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• भूयाम्स् (bhūyāms) - a great part (of his dharma) (more, greater, very much)

• ते (te) - your, to you

• हीयते (hīyate) - is diminished, is lost, is abandoned

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira's kingly duty or intrinsic nature (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty)

• मा (mā) - do not

• पुत्रका (putrakā) - O dear son, referring to Yudhiṣṭhira (O dear son)

• वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly

• कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - do not act (in vain) (you should do, you should make)

Words meanings and morphology

कुन्ती (kuntī) - Kunti, mother of the Pāṇḍavas (Kunti)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kuntī

kuntī - Name of a queen, mother of the Pāṇḍavas, daughter of the Yādava king Śūra

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect Active

From root 'vac', reduplicated form for perfect tense

Root: vac (class 2)

ब्रूयाः (brūyāḥ) - you should say, you should tell

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of brū

Optative Active

From root 'brū' in optative mood

Root: brū (class 2)

केशव (keśava) - O Keśava, referring to Kṛṣṇa (O Keśava)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of keśava

keśava - having beautiful hair; name of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa

राजानम् (rājānam) - king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

धर्मात्मानम् (dharmātmānam) - King Yudhiṣṭhira, who is righteous in his intrinsic nature (dharma) (righteous in spirit, whose soul is dharma)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous-souled, virtuous, pious, one whose soul is righteousness

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle, name of the eldest Pāṇḍava brother

भूयाम्स् (bhūyāms) - a great part (of his dharma) (more, greater, very much)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūyas

bhūyas - more, greater, very much, abundant

Comparative of 'bahu'

Note: Agrees with 'dharmaḥ' as 'a greater part of dharma'

ते (te) - your, to you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Note: Enclitic form

हीयते (hīyate) - is diminished, is lost, is abandoned

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle/passive, present (lat) of hā

Present Middle/Passive

Root 'hā' in present tense, middle/passive voice

Root: hā (class 3)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira's kingly duty or intrinsic nature (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution, essential quality

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

मा (mā) - do not

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with aorist or injunctive mood for prohibition

पुत्रका (putrakā) - O dear son, referring to Yudhiṣṭhira (O dear son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putraka

putraka - little son, dear son (diminutive of putra)

वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly

(indeclinable)

कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - do not act (in vain) (you should do, you should make)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, aorist (luṅ) of kṛ

Aorist Middle (injunctive sense with mā)

From root 'kṛ' in aorist middle voice, used as injunctive with 'mā'

Root: kṛ (class 8)