महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-130, verse-18

ततो वसति दुष्कर्मा नरके शाश्वतीः समाः ।
राजदोषेण हि जगत्स्पृश्यते जगतः स च ॥१८॥

18. tato vasati duṣkarmā narake śāśvatīḥ samāḥ ,
rājadoṣeṇa hi jagatspṛśyate jagataḥ sa ca.

18. tataḥ vasati duṣkarmā narake śāśvatīḥ samāḥ
| rājadoṣeṇa hi jagat spṛśyate jagataḥ saḥ ca

18. tataḥ duṣkarmā narake śāśvatīḥ samāḥ vasati
hi rājadoṣeṇa jagat spṛśyate ca saḥ jagataḥ

18. Subsequently, the king who commits evil deeds resides eternally in hell. Indeed, the world is afflicted by the king's fault, and he, in turn, is also affected by the world's condition.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - subsequently (from that, thence, then, thereafter)

• वसति (vasati) - resides (dwells, lives, resides)

• दुष्कर्मा (duṣkarmā) - who commits evil deeds (one with bad deeds, evil-doer)

• नरके (narake) - in hell

• शाश्वतीः (śāśvatīḥ) - eternal (eternal, perpetual)

• समाः (samāḥ) - years

• राजदोषेण (rājadoṣeṇa) - by the king's fault (by the fault of the king)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

• जगत् (jagat) - the world (the world, mankind)

• स्पृश्यते (spṛśyate) - is afflicted (is touched, is affected, is contaminated)

• जगतः (jagataḥ) - by the world's (condition/faults) (of the world, from the world)

• सः (saḥ) - he (the king) (he, that)

• च (ca) - and, in turn, also (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - subsequently (from that, thence, then, thereafter)

(indeclinable)

From `tad` (that) + suffix `tasi`

वसति (vasati) - resides (dwells, lives, resides)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vas

Present tense

Present active voice, 1st class

Root: vas (class 1)

दुष्कर्मा (duṣkarmā) - who commits evil deeds (one with bad deeds, evil-doer)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duṣkarman

duṣkarman - having bad actions, evil-doer, wicked

`dus` (bad) + `karman` (action). `s` becomes `ṣ` before `k`.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dus+karman)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• karman – action, deed, work, fate (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  From `√kṛ` + `manin`
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (king).

नरके (narake) - in hell

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of naraka

naraka - hell, underworld, purgatory

शाश्वतीः (śāśvatīḥ) - eternal (eternal, perpetual)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of śāśvata

śāśvata - eternal, perpetual, everlasting, constant

Derived from `śaśvat` (always)

Note: Qualifies `samāḥ`.

समाः (samāḥ) - years

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of samā

samā - year, season

Note: Accusative plural of time indicating duration.

राजदोषेण (rājadoṣeṇa) - by the king's fault (by the fault of the king)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājadoṣa

rājadoṣa - fault of the king, royal offense

`rājan` (king) + `doṣa` (fault)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+doṣa)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• doṣa – fault, defect, vice, error
  noun (masculine)
  From `√duṣ` (to spoil, be corrupt)
  Root: duṣ (class 4)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

जगत् (jagat) - the world (the world, mankind)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - moving, living, the world, universe

Present Active Participle

From `√gam` (to go) via reduplication and `śatṛ` suffix, often nominalized.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Here accusative, direct object of `spṛśyate`.

स्पृश्यते (spṛśyate) - is afflicted (is touched, is affected, is contaminated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of spṛś

Present tense

Present passive voice, `ya` infix, middle ending

Root: spṛś (class 6)

जगतः (jagataḥ) - by the world's (condition/faults) (of the world, from the world)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - moving, living, the world, universe

Present Active Participle

From `√gam` (to go) via reduplication and `śatṛ` suffix, often nominalized.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Here used as source or cause for the king's affliction.

सः (saḥ) - he (the king) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the king.

च (ca) - and, in turn, also (and, also)

(indeclinable)