महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-130, verse-25

एतद्धर्ममधर्मं वा जन्मनैवाभ्यजायथाः ।
ते स्थ वैद्याः कुले जाता अवृत्त्या तात पीडिताः ॥२५॥

25. etaddharmamadharmaṁ vā janmanaivābhyajāyathāḥ ,
te stha vaidyāḥ kule jātā avṛttyā tāta pīḍitāḥ.

25. etat dharmam adharmam vā janmanā eva abhyajāyathāḥ
te stha vaidyāḥ kule jātāḥ avṛttyā tāta pīḍitāḥ

25. तात (tāta) जन्मनैव (janmanaiva) एतत् (etat) धर्मम् (dharmam) अधर्मं (adharmam) वा (vā) अभ्यजायथाः (abhyajāyathāḥ).
कुले (kule) जाताः (jātāḥ) वैद्याः (vaidyāḥ) ते (te) अवृत्त्या (avṛttyā) पीडिताः (pīḍitāḥ) स्थ (stha).

25. My dear (tāta), you have, by birth alone, acquired this state, whether it aligns with natural law (dharma) or is contrary to it (adharma). Those who are learned (vaidyāḥ), born into respectable families, are afflicted by a lack of livelihood.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this (state/condition) (this)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, virtue, righteousness)

• अधर्मम् (adharmam) - unnatural law (adharma), contrary to natural law (unnatural law, unrighteousness, injustice, vice)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

• जन्मना (janmanā) - by birth (by birth, by origin)

• एव (eva) - alone, simply (only, just, indeed, certainly)

• अभ्यजायथाः (abhyajāyathāḥ) - you have acquired, you have obtained (you were born, you originated, you acquired)

• ते (te) - those (people) (those, they)

• स्थ (stha) - are (they are) (you are, they are (standing, existing))

• वैद्याः (vaidyāḥ) - learned, knowledgeable (vaidyāḥ) (learned, knowing, expert, wise)

• कुले (kule) - in a respectable family/lineage (in a family, in a lineage, in a clan)

• जाताः (jātāḥ) - born (into families) (born, originated, produced)

• अवृत्त्या (avṛttyā) - by a lack of livelihood or means (by lack of livelihood, by misfortune, by non-existence)

• तात (tāta) - my dear (form of affectionate address) (father, dear one, respected elder)

• पीडिताः (pīḍitāḥ) - afflicted, distressed (afflicted, distressed, oppressed, tormented)

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this (state/condition) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this here

Note: Refers to the state of dharma or adharma.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, virtue, righteousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, virtue, righteousness, religion

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

अधर्मम् (adharmam) - unnatural law (adharma), contrary to natural law (unnatural law, unrighteousness, injustice, vice)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unnatural law, unrighteousness, injustice, vice, evil

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, virtue, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

(indeclinable)

जन्मना (janmanā) - by birth (by birth, by origin)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of janman

janman - birth, origin, nature, life

Root: jan (class 4)

एव (eva) - alone, simply (only, just, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

अभ्यजायथाः (abhyajāyathāḥ) - you have acquired, you have obtained (you were born, you originated, you acquired)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of jan

Imperfect

Root jan (4A) in middle voice, second person singular, imperfect.

Prefix: abhi

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Root jan (4th class, Ātmanepada) with prefix abhi.

ते (te) - those (people) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'vaidyāḥ kule jātāḥ'.

स्थ (stha) - are (they are) (you are, they are (standing, existing))

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of sthā

Present Indicative

Root sthā (1P) in active voice, third person plural, present, or from root as (to be) 2nd person plural. Here interpreted as epic 3rd plural.

Root: sthā (class 1)

वैद्याः (vaidyāḥ) - learned, knowledgeable (vaidyāḥ) (learned, knowing, expert, wise)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vaidya

vaidya - learned, knowing, expert, wise; a scholar, a physician

From vid (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'te' and 'jātāḥ'.

कुले (kule) - in a respectable family/lineage (in a family, in a lineage, in a clan)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, clan, race, noble birth

जाताः (jātāḥ) - born (into families) (born, originated, produced)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen, happened

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root jan (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'te' and 'vaidyāḥ'.

अवृत्त्या (avṛttyā) - by a lack of livelihood or means (by lack of livelihood, by misfortune, by non-existence)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of avṛtti

avṛtti - non-existence, cessation, lack of livelihood, misfortune, non-activity

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+vṛtti)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• vṛtti – livelihood, mode of life, activity, existence, condition
  noun (feminine)
  From root vṛt (to exist, to be).
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Indicates the cause of affliction.

तात (tāta) - my dear (form of affectionate address) (father, dear one, respected elder)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one, respected elder, son (rarely)

Note: Interjection/address.

पीडिताः (pīḍitāḥ) - afflicted, distressed (afflicted, distressed, oppressed, tormented)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pīḍita

pīḍita - afflicted, distressed, tormented, oppressed, troubled

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root pīḍ (to oppress, distress).

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'te'.