महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-130, verse-31

इतो दुःखतरं किं नु यदहं हीनबान्धवा ।
परपिण्डमुदीक्षामि त्वां सूत्वामित्रनन्दन ॥३१॥

31. ito duḥkhataraṁ kiṁ nu yadahaṁ hīnabāndhavā ,
parapiṇḍamudīkṣāmi tvāṁ sūtvāmitranandana.

31. itaḥ duḥkhataram kim nu yat aham hīnabāndhavā
parapinḍam udīkṣāmi tvām sūtvā amitranandana

31. amitranandana,
itaḥ kim nu duḥkhataram? yat aham hīnabāndhavā tvām sūtvā parapinḍam udīkṣāmi.

31. What could be more painful than this, that I, deprived of my kinsmen, look forward to food from others, after giving birth to you, O delight of enemies (amitranandana)?

Words meanings summery:

• इतः (itaḥ) - compared to this (ablative of comparison) (from this, hence, than this)

• दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more painful (more painful, more sorrowful, worse)

• किम् (kim) - what (as an interrogative pronoun) (what, which, why)

• नु (nu) - rhetorical interrogative, 'what indeed' (indeed, now, then, surely, (interrogative particle))

• यत् (yat) - that (introducing a clause explaining 'this' pain) (that (conjunction), which, because)

• अहम् (aham) - I (Draupadi) (I)

• हीनबान्धवा (hīnabāndhavā) - I, who am deprived of my kinsmen (my husbands and their lineage) (one whose relatives are lost/missing, deprived of kinsmen)

• परपिन्डम् (parapinḍam) - food or sustenance provided by others (not earned by one's own kinsmen) (food from others, another's sustenance)

• उदीक्षामि (udīkṣāmi) - I look forward to (with a sense of dependence and longing for something shameful) (I look forward to, I await, I gaze upon)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Yudhiṣṭhira) (you (accusative))

• सूत्वा (sūtvā) - after giving birth to (you, Yudhiṣṭhira) (having given birth, having produced)

• अमित्रनन्दन (amitranandana) - O one who causes enemies to rejoice (sarcastic address to Yudhiṣṭhira for his inaction) (delight of enemies, one who causes joy to enemies)

Words meanings and morphology

इतः (itaḥ) - compared to this (ablative of comparison) (from this, hence, than this)

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable adverb of place/manner, formed from idam (this).

दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more painful (more painful, more sorrowful, worse)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkhatara

duḥkhatara - more sorrowful, more painful

Comparative suffix -tara

Comparative form of duḥkha (sorrow, pain).

Note: Predicate adjective describing 'kim'.

किम् (kim) - what (as an interrogative pronoun) (what, which, why)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why, who

Interrogative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the question.

नु (nu) - rhetorical interrogative, 'what indeed' (indeed, now, then, surely, (interrogative particle))

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - that (introducing a clause explaining 'this' pain) (that (conjunction), which, because)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yat

yat - that, which, what, because, since

Relative pronoun, neuter singular nominative/accusative, or indeclinable conjunction.

Note: Functions as a conjunction 'that'.

अहम् (aham) - I (Draupadi) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'udīkṣāmi'.

हीनबान्धवा (hīnabāndhavā) - I, who am deprived of my kinsmen (my husbands and their lineage) (one whose relatives are lost/missing, deprived of kinsmen)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of hīnabāndhava

hīnabāndhava - deprived of kinsmen, one whose relatives are lost

Bahuvrīhi compound: hīna (lost, deprived) + bāndhava (kinsman). Feminine nominative singular form.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hīna+bāndhava)

• hīna – deprived, abandoned, lost, deficient
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √hā (to abandon, forsake).
  Root: √hā (class 3)
• bāndhava – kinsman, relative, friend
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from bandhu (relative).

Note: Modifies 'aham'.

परपिन्डम् (parapinḍam) - food or sustenance provided by others (not earned by one's own kinsmen) (food from others, another's sustenance)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parapinḍa

parapinḍa - food from others, another's sustenance

Tatpuruṣa compound: para (other) + piṇḍa (lump of food, sustenance).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+piṇḍa)

• para – other, another, alien
  adjective (masculine)
• piṇḍa – lump (of food), ball, sustenance, food
  noun (masculine)

Note: Direct object of 'udīkṣāmi'.

उदीक्षामि (udīkṣāmi) - I look forward to (with a sense of dependence and longing for something shameful) (I look forward to, I await, I gaze upon)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of √īkṣ

Root √īkṣ (to see) with upasarga ud. Present tense, first person singular, middle (ātmanepada) voice.

Prefix: ud

Root: √īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Verb whose subject is 'aham'.

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Yudhiṣṭhira) (you (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Second person pronoun.

Note: Object of the action of giving birth (sūtvā).

सूत्वा (sūtvā) - after giving birth to (you, Yudhiṣṭhira) (having given birth, having produced)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root √sū (to give birth, produce) with ktvā suffix.

Root: √sū (class 2)

अमित्रनन्दन (amitranandana) - O one who causes enemies to rejoice (sarcastic address to Yudhiṣṭhira for his inaction) (delight of enemies, one who causes joy to enemies)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of amitranandana

amitranandana - joy of enemies, delight of foes

Tatpuruṣa compound: amitra (enemy) + nandana (causing delight, son). Here as vocative singular.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (amitra+nandana)

• amitra – enemy, foe (lit. non-friend)
  noun (masculine)
  Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound: a (not) + mitra (friend).
• nandana – causing joy, delighting, son
  noun (masculine)
  From root √nand (to rejoice, delight).
  Root: √nand (class 1)

Note: Ironic address to Yudhiṣṭhira.