महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-130, verse-13

दण्डनीतिः स्वधर्मेण चातुर्वर्ण्यं नियच्छति ।
प्रयुक्ता स्वामिना सम्यगधर्मेभ्यश्च यच्छति ॥१३॥

13. daṇḍanītiḥ svadharmeṇa cāturvarṇyaṁ niyacchati ,
prayuktā svāminā samyagadharmebhyaśca yacchati.

13. daṇḍanītiḥ svadharmeṇa cāturvarṇyam niyacchati
prayuktā svāminā samyak adharmebhyaḥ ca yacchati

13. daṇḍanītiḥ svadharmeṇa cāturvarṇyam niyacchati
svāminā samyak prayuktā ca adharmebhyaḥ yacchati

13. The science of governance (daṇḍanīti), by means of its own natural law (dharma), regulates the four social classes. When properly applied by the ruler, it also protects them from unrighteousness.

Words meanings summery:

• दण्डनीतिः (daṇḍanītiḥ) - the science of governance, polity, jurisprudence, penal law

• स्वधर्मेण (svadharmeṇa) - by one's own constitution, by one's natural law, by one's own intrinsic nature

• चातुर्वर्ण्यम् (cāturvarṇyam) - the four social classes, the system of four varṇas

• नियच्छति (niyacchati) - controls, restrains, governs, regulates

• प्रयुक्ता (prayuktā) - (when applied to daṇḍanīti) when properly applied (applied, employed, used)

• स्वामिना (svāminā) - by the ruler (by the master, by the lord, by the owner, by the ruler)

• सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, completely, thoroughly, rightly

• अधर्मेभ्यः (adharmebhyaḥ) - from unrighteousness, from injustice, from wrongdoings

• च (ca) - and, also

• यच्छति (yacchati) - protects (from unrighteousness) (restrains, protects, gives)

Words meanings and morphology

दण्डनीतिः (daṇḍanītiḥ) - the science of governance, polity, jurisprudence, penal law

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of daṇḍanīti

daṇḍanīti - the science of governance, polity, jurisprudence, penal law

Compound type : tatpurusha (daṇḍa+nīti)

• daṇḍa – stick, staff, punishment, scepter
  noun (masculine)
• nīti – guidance, conduct, policy, ethics, science of polity
  noun (feminine)
  Root: nī (class 1)

स्वधर्मेण (svadharmeṇa) - by one's own constitution, by one's natural law, by one's own intrinsic nature

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of svadharma

svadharma - one's own natural law (dharma), one's own constitution (dharma), one's own duty/nature

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+dharma)

• sva – self, one's own
  pronoun (masculine)
• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

चातुर्वर्ण्यम् (cāturvarṇyam) - the four social classes, the system of four varṇas

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cāturvarṇya

cāturvarṇya - the four social classes (brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya, śūdra)

Derivative from caturvarṇa + yaT

Compound type : tatpurusha (catur+varṇa)

• catur – four
  numeral adjective
• varṇa – color, class, caste
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

नियच्छति (niyacchati) - controls, restrains, governs, regulates

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yam

Present Tense

Root yam (1P) with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

प्रयुक्ता (prayuktā) - (when applied to daṇḍanīti) when properly applied (applied, employed, used)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prayukta

prayukta - applied, employed, used

Past Passive Participle

Root yuj with prefix pra + kta suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: yuj (class 7)

स्वामिना (svāminā) - by the ruler (by the master, by the lord, by the owner, by the ruler)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of svāmin

svāmin - master, lord, owner, ruler

सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, completely, thoroughly, rightly

(indeclinable)

अधर्मेभ्यः (adharmebhyaḥ) - from unrighteousness, from injustice, from wrongdoings

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, wrong, what is contrary to natural law (dharma)

Negation of dharma

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Also dative plural, but ablative fits the context 'from'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यच्छति (yacchati) - protects (from unrighteousness) (restrains, protects, gives)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yam

Present Tense

Root yam (1P)

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Used here with ablative, conveying 'to protect from'.