महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-130, verse-12

राजा चरति चेद्धर्मं देवत्वायैव कल्पते ।
स चेदधर्मं चरति नरकायैव गच्छति ॥१२॥

12. rājā carati ceddharmaṁ devatvāyaiva kalpate ,
sa cedadharmaṁ carati narakāyaiva gacchati.

12. rājā carati cet dharmam devatvāya eva kalpate
saḥ cet adharmam carati narakāya eva gacchati

12. rājā cet dharmam carati,
(saḥ) devatvāya eva kalpate cet saḥ adharmam carati,
(saḥ) narakāya eva gacchati

12. If the king follows the natural law (dharma), he indeed becomes fit for divinity. If he follows unrighteousness (adharma), he indeed goes to hell.

Words meanings summery:

• राजा (rājā) - king

• चरति (carati) - he follows (the dharma) (he practices, he performs, he follows)

• चेत् (cet) - introduces a conditional clause (if)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - the intrinsic nature (dharma) or righteous conduct. (constitution, natural law, duty)

• देवत्वाय (devatvāya) - for divinity, for godhood

• एव (eva) - emphasizing the certainty of the consequence (indeed, only, certainly)

• कल्पते (kalpate) - he becomes eligible or suitable for. (he becomes fit, he is capable, he is adapted)

• सः (saḥ) - He (referring to the king) (he, that)

• चेत् (cet) - introduces a conditional clause (if)

• अधर्मम् (adharmam) - action contrary to natural law (dharma) or righteous conduct. (unrighteousness, injustice, non-constitution)

• चरति (carati) - he follows (unrighteousness) (he practices, he performs, he follows)

• नरकाय (narakāya) - to hell, for hell

• एव (eva) - emphasizing the certainty of the consequence (indeed, only, certainly)

• गच्छति (gacchati) - he goes

Words meanings and morphology

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of carati and kalpate.

चरति (carati) - he follows (the dharma) (he practices, he performs, he follows)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √car

Present tense, active voice

From √car (class 1). Present 3rd person singular active (parasmaipada).

Root: √car (class 1)

चेत् (cet) - introduces a conditional clause (if)

(indeclinable)

Conditional particle.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - the intrinsic nature (dharma) or righteous conduct. (constitution, natural law, duty)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue

From root √dhṛ (to sustain, uphold).

Root: √dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of carati.

देवत्वाय (devatvāya) - for divinity, for godhood

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of devatva

devatva - divinity, godhead, state of being a god

From deva (god) + tva (abstract noun suffix).

Note: Indicates purpose.

एव (eva) - emphasizing the certainty of the consequence (indeed, only, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

कल्पते (kalpate) - he becomes eligible or suitable for. (he becomes fit, he is capable, he is adapted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of √kḷp

Present tense, middle voice

From √kḷp (class 10, but often treated as a denominative of kalpa or class 1). Present 3rd person singular middle (ātmanepada).

Root: √kḷp (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - He (referring to the king) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Pronoun stem.

Note: Refers to rājā from the first clause.

चेत् (cet) - introduces a conditional clause (if)

(indeclinable)

Conditional particle.

अधर्मम् (adharmam) - action contrary to natural law (dharma) or righteous conduct. (unrighteousness, injustice, non-constitution)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, non-constitution, evil, wrong

Negative compound of a- (not) + dharma.

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: √dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of carati.

चरति (carati) - he follows (unrighteousness) (he practices, he performs, he follows)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √car

Present tense, active voice

From √car (class 1). Present 3rd person singular active (parasmaipada).

Root: √car (class 1)

नरकाय (narakāya) - to hell, for hell

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of naraka

naraka - hell, underworld, abode of the damned

Note: Indicates purpose or direction.

एव (eva) - emphasizing the certainty of the consequence (indeed, only, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

गच्छति (gacchati) - he goes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √gam

Present tense, active voice

From √gam (class 1). Present 3rd person singular active (parasmaipada).

Root: √gam (class 1)