महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-130, verse-15

कालो वा कारणं राज्ञो राजा वा कालकारणम् ।
इति ते संशयो मा भूद्राजा कालस्य कारणम् ॥१५॥

15. kālo vā kāraṇaṁ rājño rājā vā kālakāraṇam ,
iti te saṁśayo mā bhūdrājā kālasya kāraṇam.

15. kālaḥ vā kāraṇam rājñaḥ rājā vā kālakāraṇam
iti te saṃśayaḥ mā bhūt rājā kālasya kāraṇam

15. kālaḥ rājñaḥ kāraṇam vā rājā kālakāraṇam
iti te saṃśayaḥ mā bhūt rājā kālasya kāraṇam

15. Is time the cause of the king, or is the king the cause of time (the age)? May you not have this doubt, for the king is indeed the cause of the age.

Words meanings summery:

• कालः (kālaḥ) - age (time, age, period)

• वा (vā) - or, either

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - cause, reason, instrument

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king (of the king, from the king)

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• वा (vā) - or, either

• कालकारणम् (kālakāraṇam) - the cause of time, the cause of the age

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating direct speech or thought

• ते (te) - for you (to you, for you, your)

• संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt, uncertainty, suspicion

• मा (mā) - not, do not (prohibitive particle)

• भूत् (bhūt) - may it be, let it happen

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• कालस्य (kālasya) - of the age (of time, of the age)

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - cause, reason, instrument

Words meanings and morphology

कालः (kālaḥ) - age (time, age, period)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, age, period

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - cause, reason, instrument

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument

Derivative from root kṛ (to do) with ṇic and lyuṭ suffixes

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Also accusative. Nominative fits 'is the cause'.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king (of the king, from the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Also ablative singular. Genitive fits 'of the king'.

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

कालकारणम् (kālakāraṇam) - the cause of time, the cause of the age

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kālakāraṇa

kālakāraṇa - the cause of time, the cause of the age

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāla+kāraṇa)

• kāla – time, age, period
  noun (masculine)
• kāraṇa – cause, reason, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  Derivative from root kṛ (to do) with ṇic and lyuṭ suffixes
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Also accusative. Nominative fits 'is the cause of time'.

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating direct speech or thought

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - for you (to you, for you, your)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Enclitic form of yuşmad

Note: Could also be genitive or locative, but dative fits 'for you, a doubt'.

संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt, uncertainty, suspicion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, suspicion

Root śī (to lie) with prefix sam + a (suffix)

Prefix: sam

Root: śī (class 2)

मा (mā) - not, do not (prohibitive particle)

(indeclinable)

भूत् (bhūt) - may it be, let it happen

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ (with mā, becomes injunctive)) of bhū

Injunctive Aorist

Root bhū (1P) in aorist, injunctive form. Used with mā for prohibition.

Root: bhū (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

कालस्य (kālasya) - of the age (of time, of the age)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, age, period

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - cause, reason, instrument

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument

Derivative from root kṛ (to do) with ṇic and lyuṭ suffixes

Root: kṛ (class 8)