महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-111, verse-23

तदागच्छ द्विजश्रेष्ठ मन्त्रयिष्याव गालव ।
नादत्त्वा गुरवे शक्यं कृत्स्नमर्थं त्वयासितुम् ॥२३॥

23. tadāgaccha dvijaśreṣṭha mantrayiṣyāva gālava ,
nādattvā gurave śakyaṁ kṛtsnamarthaṁ tvayāsitum.

23. tadā āgaccha dvijaśreṣṭha mantrayiṣyāva gālava na
adatvā gurave śakyam kṛtsnam artham tvayā āsitum

23. Come then, O best of the twice-born (dvija), Gālava, we shall consult. It is not possible for you to keep the entire sum without having given it to your guru.

Words meanings summery:

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• आगच्छ (āgaccha) - come! (imperative)

• द्विजश्रेष्ठ (dvijaśreṣṭha) - O best among brahmins (O best among the twice-born)

• मन्त्रयिष्याव (mantrayiṣyāva) - we two shall consult

• गालव (gālava) - O Galava

• न (na) - not, no

• अदत्वा (adatvā) - without having given

• गुरवे (gurave) - to the teacher, to the guru

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, able to be done

• कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - entire, whole, complete

• अर्थम् (artham) - sum, amount (of money) (object, matter, wealth, purpose)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• आसितुम् (āsitum) - to retain, to keep, to possess (to obtain, to possess)

Words meanings and morphology

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

adverb formed from pronominal base 'tad'

आगच्छ (āgaccha) - come! (imperative)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of gam

Imperative, 2nd person singular

root gam, with prefix ā, in present imperative active voice

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

द्विजश्रेष्ठ (dvijaśreṣṭha) - O best among brahmins (O best among the twice-born)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvijaśreṣṭha

dvijaśreṣṭha - best among the twice-born, best brahmin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+śreṣṭha)

• dvija – twice-born, brahmin, bird, tooth
  noun (masculine)
  derived from 'jan' (to be born) with 'dvi' (twice)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, pre-eminent
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative of praśasya (excellent)

मन्त्रयिष्याव (mantrayiṣyāva) - we two shall consult

(verb)

1st person , dual, active, future (lṛṭ) of mantray

Future, 1st person dual

denominative verb from mantra (counsel), future tense

गालव (gālava) - O Galava

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of gālava

gālava - name of a sage, a patronymic

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अदत्वा (adatvā) - without having given

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

root dā (3rd class) with suffix -tvā, with prefix 'a' (negative)

Prefix: a

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: absolutive form, functions as an indeclinable

गुरवे (gurave) - to the teacher, to the guru

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, heavy, important

शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, able to be done

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, practicable, capable, proper to be done

Gerundive/Nomen Agentis

from root śak (to be able), forming a gerundive

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: functions as a predicate here

कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - entire, whole, complete

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛtsna

kṛtsna - entire, whole, complete, all

Note: agrees with 'artham'

अर्थम् (artham) - sum, amount (of money) (object, matter, wealth, purpose)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - meaning, purpose, object, thing, wealth, money

Note: Often neuter, but here masculine accusative singular, referring to the desired 'sum' or 'wealth'.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

Note: Agent in passive construction (śakyam āsitum)

आसितुम् (āsitum) - to retain, to keep, to possess (to obtain, to possess)

(verb)

active, infinitive of ās

infinitive

infinitive of root ās (2nd class)

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Here implies 'to hold on to' or 'to possess'.