महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-111, verse-19

विश्वामित्रोऽथ तं दृष्ट्वा गालवं चाध्वनि स्थितम् ।
उवाच वदतां श्रेष्ठो वैनतेयस्य संनिधौ ॥१९॥

19. viśvāmitro'tha taṁ dṛṣṭvā gālavaṁ cādhvani sthitam ,
uvāca vadatāṁ śreṣṭho vainateyasya saṁnidhau.

19. viśvāmitraḥ atha tam dṛṣṭvā gālavam ca adhvani
sthitam uvāca vadatām śreṣṭhaḥ vainateyasya saṃnidhau

19. Then Viśvāmitra, the most eloquent among speakers, seeing him and Gālava standing on the road, spoke in the presence of Vainateya (Garuḍa).

Words meanings summery:

• विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Viśvāmitra (a proper name)

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

• तम् (tam) - him (Gālava) (him, that)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• गालवम् (gālavam) - Gālava (a proper name)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अध्वनि (adhvani) - on the path, on the road

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - standing, situated

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• वदताम् (vadatām) - of speakers, among those who speak

• श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - the best, most excellent

• वैनतेयस्य (vainateyasya) - of Vainateya, of Garuḍa

• संनिधौ (saṁnidhau) - in the presence of, near

Words meanings and morphology

विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Viśvāmitra (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - Viśvāmitra (name of a sage)

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - him (Gālava) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him/her/it

Note: Refers to Gālava implicitly before his explicit mention with 'ca'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable Participle (Absolutive)

Formed from root dṛś with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

गालवम् (gālavam) - Gālava (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gālava

gālava - Gālava (name of a sage)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अध्वनि (adhvani) - on the path, on the road

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of adhvan

adhvan - path, road, journey

स्थितम् (sthitam) - standing, situated

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, existing

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root sthā with suffix -ta

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Gālava.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

वदताम् (vadatām) - of speakers, among those who speak

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vadat

vadat - speaking, speaking person

Present Active Participle

Derived from root vad

Root: vad (class 1)

श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - the best, most excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, most excellent, chief

Note: Qualifies Viśvāmitra.

वैनतेयस्य (vainateyasya) - of Vainateya, of Garuḍa

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vainateya

vainateya - Vainateya (son of Vinatā, i.e., Garuḍa)

संनिधौ (saṁnidhau) - in the presence of, near

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃnidha

saṁnidha - presence, proximity, nearness

Derived from ni-dhā with sam- prefix.

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: dhā (class 3)