महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-1, verse-21

तैर्विप्रकारं च निशम्य राज्ञः सुहृज्जनास्तान्परिवारयेयुः ।
युद्धेन बाधेयुरिमांस्तथैव तैर्वध्यमाना युधि तांश्च हन्युः ॥२१॥

21. tairviprakāraṁ ca niśamya rājñaḥ; suhṛjjanāstānparivārayeyuḥ ,
yuddhena bādheyurimāṁstathaiva; tairvadhyamānā yudhi tāṁśca hanyuḥ.

21. taiḥ viprakāram ca niśamya rājñaḥ
suhṛjjanaḥ tān parivārayeyuḥ
yuddhena bādheyuḥ imān tathā eva taiḥ
vadhyamānāḥ yudhi tān ca hanyuḥ

21. Upon hearing of the insult (viprakāra) inflicted by them upon the king, his friends should surround those enemies. They should harass these enemies through war, and likewise, if they themselves are being slain in battle by those opponents, they should also kill them.

Words meanings summery:

• तैः (taiḥ) - by them, with them

• विप्रकारम् (viprakāram) - insult, ill-treatment, offense, humiliation

• च (ca) - and, also

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, upon hearing

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

• सुहृज्जनः (suhṛjjanaḥ) - friends, well-wishers

• तान् (tān) - the perpetrators of the insult (them, those)

• परिवारयेयुः (parivārayeyuḥ) - they should surround, they should besiege

• युद्धेन (yuddhena) - by war, through battle

• बाधेयुः (bādheyuḥ) - they should harass, they should oppress

• इमान् (imān) - these opponents (these, them)

• तथा एव (tathā eva) - likewise, in the same way

• तैः (taiḥ) - by the opponents (by them, by those)

• वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - the king's friends being killed (being killed, being slain)

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

• तान् (tān) - the opponents (them, those)

• च (ca) - and, also

• हन्युः (hanyuḥ) - they should kill, they should slay

Words meanings and morphology

तैः (taiḥ) - by them, with them

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

विप्रकारम् (viprakāram) - insult, ill-treatment, offense, humiliation

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viprakāra

viprakāra - ill-treatment, insult, offense, humiliation

Prefixes: vi+pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, upon hearing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from root śam with prefix ni, using -ya suffix for absolutives with prefixes.

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

सुहृज्जनः (suhṛjjanaḥ) - friends, well-wishers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suhṛjjana

suhṛjjana - friend, well-wisher, good-hearted person

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (suhṛd+jana)

• suhṛd – friend, well-wisher, good-hearted
  noun (masculine)
• jana – person, people, man
  noun (masculine)

तान् (tān) - the perpetrators of the insult (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

परिवारयेयुः (parivārayeyuḥ) - they should surround, they should besiege

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, Optative (vidhiliṅ) of parivāray

Causative of vṛ

Derived from root vṛ with prefix pari, causative stem vāray.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

युद्धेन (yuddhena) - by war, through battle

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - war, battle, fight

Past Passive Participle of yudh, used as noun

From root yudh- 'to fight'.

Root: yudh (class 4)

बाधेयुः (bādheyuḥ) - they should harass, they should oppress

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, Optative (vidhiliṅ) of bādh

Root: bādh (class 1)

इमान् (imān) - these opponents (these, them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

तथा एव (tathā eva) - likewise, in the same way

(indeclinable)

Compound of tathā (thus) and eva (indeed, only).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (tathā+eva)

• tathā – thus, so, in that manner
  indeclinable
• eva – indeed, only, just, exactly
  indeclinable

तैः (taiḥ) - by the opponents (by them, by those)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - the king's friends being killed (being killed, being slain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being slain

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to kill) with passive stem vadhyate and present participle suffix -māna.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies the implied 'friends' (suhṛjjanāḥ).

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, war, fight

तान् (tān) - the opponents (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

हन्युः (hanyuḥ) - they should kill, they should slay

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, Optative (vidhiliṅ) of han

Root: han (class 2)