महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-1, verse-10

कृष्ण उवाच ।
सर्वैर्भवद्भिर्विदितं यथायं युधिष्ठिरः सौबलेनाक्षवत्याम् ।
जितो निकृत्यापहृतं च राज्यं पुनः प्रवासे समयः कृतश्च ॥१०॥

10. kṛṣṇa uvāca ,
sarvairbhavadbhirviditaṁ yathāyaṁ; yudhiṣṭhiraḥ saubalenākṣavatyām ,
jito nikṛtyāpahṛtaṁ ca rājyaṁ; punaḥ pravāse samayaḥ kṛtaśca.

10. kṛṣṇaḥ uvāca sarvaiḥ bhavadbhiḥ viditam
yathā ayam yudhiṣṭhiraḥ saubalena
akṣavatyām jitaḥ nikṛtyā apahṛtam ca
rājyam punaḥ pravāse samayaḥ kṛtaḥ ca

10. Kṛṣṇa said: "It is known by all of you how Yudhiṣṭhira was defeated by the son of Subala (Śakuni) through deception in the game of dice, and his kingdom was seized. Furthermore, a condition (samaya) was established for their exile (pravāsa)."

Words meanings summery:

• कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all

• भवद्भिः (bhavadbhiḥ) - by you (plural, honorific)

• विदितम् (viditam) - known, understood

• यथा (yathā) - how (as, just as, how)

• अयम् (ayam) - this Yudhiṣṭhira (this (masculine))

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• सौबलेन (saubalena) - by Śakuni (by Saubala, by the son of Subala (Śakuni))

• अक्षवत्याम् (akṣavatyām) - in the dice game, in the game of dice

• जितः (jitaḥ) - defeated, conquered

• निकृत्या (nikṛtyā) - by deception, by trickery, by fraud

• अपहृतम् (apahṛtam) - seized, stolen, carried away

• च (ca) - and, also

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

• पुनः (punaḥ) - then, furthermore (again, further, then)

• प्रवासे (pravāse) - in exile (in exile, in foreign residence)

• समयः (samayaḥ) - a condition, an agreement (samaya) (condition, agreement, compact, time)

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - established (made, done, performed, established)

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - Kṛṣṇa (a proper name); dark, black

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

भवद्भिः (bhavadbhiḥ) - by you (plural, honorific)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhavat

bhavat - you (honorific); being, existing

Root: bhū (class 1)

विदितम् (viditam) - known, understood

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vidita

vidita - known, understood, perceived

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vid' (to know) + -ta suffix.

Root: vid (class 2)

यथा (yathā) - how (as, just as, how)

(indeclinable)

अयम् (ayam) - this Yudhiṣṭhira (this (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava); firm in battle

सौबलेन (saubalena) - by Śakuni (by Saubala, by the son of Subala (Śakuni))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of saubala

saubala - son of Subala (a name for Śakuni)

अक्षवत्याम् (akṣavatyām) - in the dice game, in the game of dice

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of akṣavatī

akṣavatī - game of dice, dice-board

From 'akṣa' (dice) + '-vatī' (possessing, feminine form).

जितः (jitaḥ) - defeated, conquered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jita

jita - conquered, defeated, won, restrained

Past Passive Participle

From root 'ji' (to conquer, to win).

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yudhiṣṭhiraḥ'.

निकृत्या (nikṛtyā) - by deception, by trickery, by fraud

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of nikṛti

nikṛti - deception, fraud, trickery, injury

From upasarga 'ni' + root 'kṛ' (to do).

Prefix: ni

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अपहृतम् (apahṛtam) - seized, stolen, carried away

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of apahṛta

apahṛta - seized, stolen, taken away, removed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'hṛ' (to take, to carry) with upasarga 'apa'.

Prefix: apa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rājyam'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, sovereignty

Root: rāj (class 1)

पुनः (punaḥ) - then, furthermore (again, further, then)

(indeclinable)

प्रवासे (pravāse) - in exile (in exile, in foreign residence)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pravāsa

pravāsa - exile, banishment, foreign residence, staying abroad

From upasarga 'pra' + root 'vas' (to dwell).

Prefix: pra

Root: vas (class 1)

समयः (samayaḥ) - a condition, an agreement (samaya) (condition, agreement, compact, time)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samaya

samaya - agreement, compact, covenant, condition, time, appointed time

From upasarga 'sam' + root 'i' (to go).

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - established (made, done, performed, established)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, created, accomplished

Past Passive Participle

From root 'kṛ' (to do, to make) + -ta suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'samayaḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)