महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-1, verse-15

पित्र्यं हि राज्यं विदितं नृपाणां यथापकृष्टं धृतराष्ट्रपुत्रैः ।
मिथ्योपचारेण तथाप्यनेन कृच्छ्रं महत्प्राप्तमसह्यरूपम् ॥१५॥

15. pitryaṁ hi rājyaṁ viditaṁ nṛpāṇāṁ; yathāpakṛṣṭaṁ dhṛtarāṣṭraputraiḥ ,
mithyopacāreṇa tathāpyanena; kṛcchraṁ mahatprāptamasahyarūpam.

15. pitryam hi rājyam viditam nṛpāṇām
yathā apakṛṣṭam dhṛtarāṣṭraputraiḥ
| mithyopacāreṇa tathā api anena
kṛcchram mahat prāptam asahyarūpam

15. Indeed, it is known to kings how the ancestral kingdom was usurped by Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons through deceitful dealings. Yet, through this very act, a great and unbearable hardship was experienced.

Words meanings summery:

• पित्र्यम् (pitryam) - the ancestral (kingdom) (ancestral, paternal, hereditary)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

• विदितम् (viditam) - is known (known, understood, ascertained)

• नृपाणाम् (nṛpāṇām) - to kings (dative sense with participle viditam) (of kings)

• यथा (yathā) - how (as, just as, how)

• अपकृष्टम् (apakṛṣṭam) - was usurped (pulled away, dragged down, removed, seized, usurped)

• धृतराष्ट्रपुत्रैः (dhṛtarāṣṭraputraiḥ) - by the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

• मिथ्योपचारेण (mithyopacāreṇa) - through deceitful dealings (by means of false/improper treatment/dealing)

• तथा (tathā) - even so, yet (in conjunction with api) (thus, so, in that manner)

• अपि (api) - also, even

• अनेन (anena) - through this (very act/deceitful dealing) (by this (masc./neut.))

• कृच्छ्रम् (kṛcchram) - great difficulty (hardship, difficulty, distress)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

• प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - was experienced (obtained, reached, experienced)

• असह्यरूपम् (asahyarūpam) - of an unbearable nature (of unbearable form/nature, unbearable)

Words meanings and morphology

पित्र्यम् (pitryam) - the ancestral (kingdom) (ancestral, paternal, hereditary)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pitrya

pitrya - ancestral, paternal, hereditary, relating to fathers

Derived from pitṛ (father) + ya affix

Note: Qualifies rājyam.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, rule

Derived from rājan (king) + ya affix

Note: Subject of viditam.

विदितम् (viditam) - is known (known, understood, ascertained)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vidita

vidita - known, understood, ascertained

Past Passive Participle

From root vid- (to know) + kta suffix

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Predicative adjective.

नृपाणाम् (nṛpāṇām) - to kings (dative sense with participle viditam) (of kings)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler (lit. 'protector of men')

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, ruler, drinker
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Expresses to whom something is known.

यथा (yathā) - how (as, just as, how)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects to apakṛṣṭam.

अपकृष्टम् (apakṛṣṭam) - was usurped (pulled away, dragged down, removed, seized, usurped)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of apakṛṣṭa

apakṛṣṭa - pulled away, dragged, seized, removed, usurped

Past Passive Participle

From prefix apa- + root kṛṣ- (to drag) + kta suffix

Prefix: apa

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective, refers to rājyam.

धृतराष्ट्रपुत्रैः (dhṛtarāṣṭraputraiḥ) - by the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dhṛtarāṣṭraputra

dhṛtarāṣṭraputra - son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhṛtarāṣṭra+putra)

• dhṛtarāṣṭra – Dhṛtarāṣṭra (proper name, 'he who holds the kingdom')
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of the passive participle apakṛṣṭam.

मिथ्योपचारेण (mithyopacāreṇa) - through deceitful dealings (by means of false/improper treatment/dealing)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mithyopacāra

mithyopacāra - false treatment, deceitful dealing, improper conduct

Compound type : tatpurusha (mithyā+upacāra)

• mithyā – falsely, wrongly, untruly
  indeclinable
• upacāra – treatment, courtesy, dealing, attention
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix upa- + root car- (to move) + ghañ suffix
  Prefix: upa
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Means by which apakṛṣṭam occurred.

तथा (tathā) - even so, yet (in conjunction with api) (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with api to mean "nevertheless, despite that".

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with tathā to mean "nevertheless, despite that".

अनेन (anena) - through this (very act/deceitful dealing) (by this (masc./neut.))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to the act of seizure by deceit.

कृच्छ्रम् (kṛcchram) - great difficulty (hardship, difficulty, distress)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficulty, hardship, distress, misery

Note: Subject of the passive prāptam.

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, mighty

Present Active Participle

From root mah- (to be great) + śatṛ suffix

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies kṛcchram.

प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - was experienced (obtained, reached, experienced)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, gained, experienced

Past Passive Participle

From prefix pra- + root āp- (to obtain) + kta suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Predicative adjective for kṛcchram.

असह्यरूपम् (asahyarūpam) - of an unbearable nature (of unbearable form/nature, unbearable)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asahyarūpa

asahyarūpa - of unbearable form/nature, unbearable

Compound type : bahuvrihi (asahya+rūpa)

• asahya – unbearable, intolerable
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  Negative prefix 'a-' + sahya (bearable), from root sah (to bear) + ṇya affix
  Root: sah (class 1)
• rūpa – form, nature, appearance
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies kṛcchram.