महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-95, verse-21

अगस्त्य उवाच ।
एवमेतद्यथात्थ त्वं तपोव्ययकरं तु मे ।
यथा तु मे न नश्येत तपस्तन्मां प्रचोदय ॥२१॥

21. agastya uvāca ,
evametadyathāttha tvaṁ tapovyayakaraṁ tu me ,
yathā tu me na naśyeta tapastanmāṁ pracodaya.

21. agastyaḥ uvāca | evam etat yathā āttha tvaṃ tapaḥvyayakaraṃ
tu me | yathā tu me na naśyeta tapaḥ tat mām pracodaya

21. Agastya said: "What you say is true, but such an act would lead to the depletion of my asceticism (tapas). Therefore, please instruct me so that my asceticism (tapas) may not be diminished."

Words meanings summery:

• अगस्त्यः (agastyaḥ) - The sage Agastya (Agastya (a proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, indeed so (thus, so, indeed)

• एतत् (etat) - this (referring to what Lopamudra said) (this, it)

• यथा (yathā) - as (as, just as, in which way)

• आत्थ (āttha) - you say (you say, you speak)

• त्वं (tvaṁ) - you

• तपःव्ययकरं (tapaḥvyayakaraṁ) - causing the depletion of my asceticism (tapas) (causing the waste/loss of asceticism (tapas))

• तु (tu) - but, however (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• मे (me) - for me, my (to me, for me, my)

• यथा (yathā) - so that (as, just as, in which way, so that)

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizes the purpose) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• मे (me) - my (to me, for me, my)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• नश्येत (naśyeta) - may not be diminished/destroyed (may be lost, may perish, may be destroyed)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - my asceticism (tapas) (asceticism (tapas), penance, heat)

• तत् (tat) - that (in that regard), therefore (that, therefore)

• माम् (mām) - me

• प्रचोदय (pracodaya) - instruct, direct (instruct, impel, direct, incite)

Words meanings and morphology

अगस्त्यः (agastyaḥ) - The sage Agastya (Agastya (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agastya

agastya - a proper name; name of a revered Vedic sage

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Irregular perfect form (liṭ) of √vac (2nd class), 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, indeed so (thus, so, indeed)

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this (referring to what Lopamudra said) (this, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, it

Demonstrative pronoun, neuter singular nominative

यथा (yathā) - as (as, just as, in which way)

(indeclinable)

आत्थ (āttha) - you say (you say, you speak)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Irregular perfect form (liṭ) of √vac (2nd class), 2nd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

त्वं (tvaṁ) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Pronominal form, nominative singular

Note: Subject of 'āttha'.

तपःव्ययकरं (tapaḥvyayakaraṁ) - causing the depletion of my asceticism (tapas) (causing the waste/loss of asceticism (tapas))

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapovyayakara

tapovyayakara - causing the waste of asceticism, depleting penance, leading to loss of spiritual merit

Compound of tapas (asceticism) + vyaya (expenditure, loss) + kara (making, causing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapas+vyaya+kara)

• tapas – asceticism, penance, heat, spiritual fervor
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• vyaya – expenditure, loss, waste, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  From √vyay (to waste, spend) or √ī (to go) with vi- + -aya
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ī (class 2)
• kara – making, causing, doing, agent
  adjective (masculine)
  kṛt suffix
  Derived from √kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Adjective agreeing with 'etat' (implicitly 'it would be').

तु (tu) - but, however (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - for me, my (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Pronominal form, dative/genitive singular

यथा (yathā) - so that (as, just as, in which way, so that)

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizes the purpose) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - my (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Pronominal form, genitive singular

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'naśyeta'.

नश्येत (naśyeta) - may not be diminished/destroyed (may be lost, may perish, may be destroyed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of naś

Optative Active

Optative mood (liṅ), 4th class verb, 3rd person singular

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Optative mood expressing wish or purpose.

तपः (tapaḥ) - my asceticism (tapas) (asceticism (tapas), penance, heat)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, penance, heat, spiritual fervor, self-restraint

Neuter noun, s-stem

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'naśyeta'.

तत् (tat) - that (in that regard), therefore (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, this

Demonstrative pronoun, neuter singular nominative/accusative

Note: Object of 'pracodaya'.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Pronominal form, accusative singular

प्रचोदय (pracodaya) - instruct, direct (instruct, impel, direct, incite)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of pracud

Imperative Active

Imperative (loṭ), 10th class or causative of √cud (to urge), 2nd person singular

Prefix: pra

Root: cud (class 10)