महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-41, verse-1

भगवानुवाच ।
नरस्त्वं पूर्वदेहे वै नारायणसहायवान् ।
बदर्यां तप्तवानुग्रं तपो वर्षायुतान्बहून् ॥१॥

1. bhagavānuvāca ,
narastvaṁ pūrvadehe vai nārāyaṇasahāyavān ,
badaryāṁ taptavānugraṁ tapo varṣāyutānbahūn.

1. bhagavān uvāca naraḥ tvaṃ pūrvadehe vai nārāyaṇasahāyavān
badaryāṃ taptavān ugraṃ tapaḥ varṣāyutān bahūn

1. The Lord (bhagavān) said: "In your previous incarnation, you were Nara, accompanied by Nārāyaṇa. In Badarī, you performed severe asceticism (tapas) for many tens of thousands of years."

Words meanings summery:

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - the blessed one, the Lord

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• नरः (naraḥ) - the sage Nara (man, human)

• त्वं (tvaṁ) - you

• पूर्वदेहे (pūrvadehe) - in a previous incarnation (in a former body)

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• नारायणसहायवान् (nārāyaṇasahāyavān) - accompanied by Nārāyaṇa, having Nārāyaṇa as a helper

• बदर्यां (badaryāṁ) - in Badarī

• तप्तवान् (taptavān) - having performed austerity

• उग्रं (ugraṁ) - severe, fierce, intense

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance

• वर्षायुतान् (varṣāyutān) - tens of thousands of years

• बहून् (bahūn) - many

Words meanings and morphology

भगवान् (bhagavān) - the blessed one, the Lord

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - blessed, fortunate, divine, glorious

Root: bhaj (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of uvāca

perfect active

third person, singular, perfect active of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

नरः (naraḥ) - the sage Nara (man, human)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, human, primeval spirit, hero

त्वं (tvaṁ) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

पूर्वदेहे (pūrvadehe) - in a previous incarnation (in a former body)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pūrvadeha

pūrvadeha - former body, previous incarnation

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pūrva+deha)

• pūrva – former, previous, prior
  adjective
• deha – body, form
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dih (class 4)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

नारायणसहायवान् (nārāyaṇasahāyavān) - accompanied by Nārāyaṇa, having Nārāyaṇa as a helper

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nārāyaṇasahāyavat

nārāyaṇasahāyavat - accompanied by Nārāyaṇa

possessive suffix -vat added to a compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nārāyaṇa+sahāya)

• nārāyaṇa – Nārāyaṇa (epithet of Viṣṇu)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sahāya – companion, helper, ally
  noun (masculine)

बदर्यां (badaryāṁ) - in Badarī

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of badarī

badarī - Badarī (a sacred place in the Himalayas, associated with Nara-Nārāyaṇa)

तप्तवान् (taptavān) - having performed austerity

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of taptavat

taptavat - having performed penance, having become heated

Past Active Participle

past active participle of √tap (heat, perform austerity)

Root: tap (class 1)

उग्रं (ugraṁ) - severe, fierce, intense

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ugra

ugra - severe, fierce, cruel, mighty

Note: modifies 'tapaḥ'

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth, self-mortification, asceticism (tapas)

Root: tap (class 1)

वर्षायुतान् (varṣāyutān) - tens of thousands of years

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of varṣāyuta

varṣāyuta - ten thousand years

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (varṣa+ayuta)

• varṣa – year, rain, rainy season
  noun (neuter)
• ayuta – ten thousand
  noun (neuter)

बहून् (bahūn) - many

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

Note: modifies 'varṣāyutān'