महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-293, verse-18

संधाय धार्तराष्ट्रेण पार्थानां विप्रिये स्थितः ।
योद्धुमाशंसते नित्यं फल्गुनेन महात्मना ॥१८॥

18. saṁdhāya dhārtarāṣṭreṇa pārthānāṁ vipriye sthitaḥ ,
yoddhumāśaṁsate nityaṁ phalgunena mahātmanā.

18. sandhāya dhārtarāṣṭreṇa pārthānāṃ vipriye sthitaḥ
yoddhum āśaṃsate nityaṃ phalgunena mahātmanā

18. Having formed an alliance with the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Duryodhana), and being engaged in an act of hostility towards the Pārthas (Pāṇḍavas), he constantly desires to fight with the great-souled Arjuna (Phalguna).

Words meanings summery:

• सन्धाय (sandhāya) - having made an alliance (having placed together, having united, having made an alliance)

• धार्तराष्ट्रेण (dhārtarāṣṭreṇa) - by Duryodhana, the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (by the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• पार्थानाम् (pārthānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas (of the Pārthas, of the sons of Pṛthā)

• विप्रिये (vipriye) - in an act of hostility (in a disagreeable matter, in an unfriendly act, in hostility)

• स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - engaged (stood, situated, existing, engaged)

• योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to fight

• आशंसते (āśaṁsate) - he desires, he wishes, he hopes for

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• फल्गुनेन (phalgunena) - by Arjuna

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled (Arjuna) (by the great-souled one, by the noble one)

Words meanings and morphology

सन्धाय (sandhāya) - having made an alliance (having placed together, having united, having made an alliance)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root dhā with upasarga sam, forming an indeclinable past participle (absolutive/gerund) to indicate a completed action before the main verb.

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

धार्तराष्ट्रेण (dhārtarāṣṭreṇa) - by Duryodhana, the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (by the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Patronymic from Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

पार्थानाम् (pārthānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas (of the Pārthas, of the sons of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); a name for Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma

Patronymic from Pṛthā.

विप्रिये (vipriye) - in an act of hostility (in a disagreeable matter, in an unfriendly act, in hostility)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vipriya

vipriya - disagreeable, hateful, inimical; an unfriendly act, hostility

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+priya)

• vi – apart, asunder, away, intensely
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating separation, negation, or intensity.
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable
  adjective (neuter)

स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - engaged (stood, situated, existing, engaged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, located, existing, firm, steady, engaged in

past passive participle

Derived from the root sthā 'to stand'.

Root: sthā (class 1)

योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to fight

(infinitive)

आशंसते (āśaṁsate) - he desires, he wishes, he hopes for

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of āśaṃs

Derived from root śaṃs with upasarga ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here as an adverb in the accusative singular neuter form.

फल्गुनेन (phalgunena) - by Arjuna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of phalguna

phalguna - a name for Arjuna; an asterism

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled (Arjuna) (by the great-souled one, by the noble one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous; a great person

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature, (ātman)
  noun (masculine)