महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-293, verse-12

वसुवर्मधरं दृष्ट्वा तं बालं हेमकुण्डलम् ।
नामास्य वसुषेणेति ततश्चक्रुर्द्विजातयः ॥१२॥

12. vasuvarmadharaṁ dṛṣṭvā taṁ bālaṁ hemakuṇḍalam ,
nāmāsya vasuṣeṇeti tataścakrurdvijātayaḥ.

12. vasuvarmadharam dṛṣṭvā tam bālam hemakuṇḍalam
nāma asya vasuṣeṇa iti tataḥ cakruḥ dvijātayaḥ

12. After seeing that boy adorned with the armor of the Vasus and golden earrings, the Brahmins (dvijātayaḥ) then named him "Vasuṣeṇa."

Words meanings summery:

• वसुवर्मधरम् (vasuvarmadharam) - wearing the armor of the Vasus, bearing wealth as armor

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

• तम् (tam) - refers to the boy Karna (him, that)

• बालम् (bālam) - refers to Karna as a boy (boy, child, infant)

• हेमकुण्डलम् (hemakuṇḍalam) - having golden earrings

• नाम (nāma) - name

• अस्य (asya) - refers to the boy Karna (of him, his)

• वसुषेण (vasuṣeṇa) - Karna's first given name (Vasuṣeṇa (proper name))

• इति (iti) - indicates a quotation or statement (thus, so, in this way)

• ततः (tataḥ) - from there, then, afterwards

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they named (they did, they made)

• द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - Brahmins (who performed the naming ceremony) (the twice-born (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas))

Words meanings and morphology

वसुवर्मधरम् (vasuvarmadharam) - wearing the armor of the Vasus, bearing wealth as armor

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vasuvarmadhara

vasuvarmadhara - wearing armor (given by the Vasus) or bearing wealth as armor

'vasu' (wealth/Vasus) + 'varman' (armor) + 'dhara' (bearer)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vasu+varman+dhara)

• vasu – wealth, treasure; a class of deities (Vasus)
  noun (neuter)
• varman – armor, breastplate
  noun (neuter)
• dhara – bearing, holding, wearing, possessing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from √dhṛ
  Root: √dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'bālam'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from √dṛś with suffix 'tvā'.

Root: √dṛś (class 1)

Note: Act performed by 'dvijātayaḥ'.

तम् (tam) - refers to the boy Karna (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Qualifies 'bālam'.

बालम् (bālam) - refers to Karna as a boy (boy, child, infant)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bāla

bāla - child, boy, young, immature

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

हेमकुण्डलम् (hemakuṇḍalam) - having golden earrings

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hemakuṇḍala

hemakuṇḍala - having golden earrings, golden earrings

'hema' (gold) + 'kuṇḍala' (earring).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (heman+kuṇḍala)

• heman – gold
  noun (neuter)
• kuṇḍala – earring, ring, coiled
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'bālam'.

नाम (nāma) - name

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nāman

nāman - name, appellation, noun

Note: Used idiomatically "his name (is) X".

अस्य (asya) - refers to the boy Karna (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, him, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Possessive, "his (name)".

वसुषेण (vasuṣeṇa) - Karna's first given name (Vasuṣeṇa (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vasuṣeṇa

vasuṣeṇa - Vasuṣeṇa (proper name, literally "having wealth as army" or "army of Vasus")

'vasu' (wealth/Vasus) + 'senā' (army)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vasu+senā)

• vasu – wealth, treasure; a class of deities (Vasus)
  noun (neuter)
• senā – army, host, troop
  noun (feminine)

Note: Part of the naming phrase.

इति (iti) - indicates a quotation or statement (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

Particle

ततः (tataḥ) - from there, then, afterwards

(indeclinable)

Ablative of 'tad' used as an adverb.

Note: Adverb of sequence.

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they named (they did, they made)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of cakruḥ

Perfect tense, third person plural

Formed from √kṛ.

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject is 'dvijātayaḥ'.

द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - Brahmins (who performed the naming ceremony) (the twice-born (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvijāti

dvijāti - twice-born (referring to Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas after their sacred thread ceremony, or metaphorically birds, teeth, etc.)

'dvi' (twice) + 'jāti' (birth, origin).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+jāti)

• dvi – two, twice
  indeclinable
  Numeral
• jāti – birth, origin, class, caste
  noun (feminine)
  From √jan
  Root: √jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'cakruḥ'.