महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-25, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततस्तेषु प्रयातेषु कौन्तेयः सत्यसंगरः ।
अभ्यभाषत धर्मात्मा भ्रातॄन्सर्वान्युधिष्ठिरः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tatasteṣu prayāteṣu kaunteyaḥ satyasaṁgaraḥ ,
abhyabhāṣata dharmātmā bhrātṝnsarvānyudhiṣṭhiraḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tataḥ teṣu prayāteṣu kaunteyaḥ
satyasaṃgaraḥ abhyabhāṣata dharmātmā bhrātṝn sarvān yudhiṣṭhiraḥ

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: Then, after they had departed, Yudhiṣṭhira, the son of Kuntī (Kaunteya), whose resolve was true (satyasaṅgara) and whose soul was devoted to natural law (dharma), addressed all his brothers.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata (Vaiśaṃpāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• तेषु (teṣu) - among them, to them

• प्रयातेषु (prayāteṣu) - having gone forth, departed

• कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Kuntī)

• सत्यसंगरः (satyasaṁgaraḥ) - true to his vow, whose resolve is true

• अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - he addressed, he spoke to

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous-souled, whose soul is devoted to natural law (dharma)

• भ्रातॄन् (bhrātṝn) - brothers

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata (Vaiśaṃpāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa, narrator of the Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect (Lit)

3rd person singular, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem tad

तेषु (teṣu) - among them, to them

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Part of locative absolute construction 'teṣu prayāteṣu'.

प्रयातेषु (prayāteṣu) - having gone forth, departed

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of prayāta

prayāta - gone forth, departed, set out

Past Passive Participle

From root yā (to go) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction 'teṣu prayāteṣu' (when they had departed).

कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Kuntī)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kuntī, Pāṇḍava

Patronymic from Kuntī

सत्यसंगरः (satyasaṁgaraḥ) - true to his vow, whose resolve is true

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyasaṃgara

satyasaṁgara - true in promise/vow, faithful to engagements

Compound: satya (truth) + saṃgara (vow, promise).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+saṃgara)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun (neuter)
• saṃgara – vow, promise, engagement; battle
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Yudhiṣṭhira.

अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - he addressed, he spoke to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (Laṅ) of bhāṣ

Imperfect (Laṅ)

3rd person singular, middle voice. From root bhāṣ with prefix abhi.

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: abhi-abhāṣata -> abhyabhāṣata (sandhi).

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous-souled, whose soul is devoted to natural law (dharma)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - having a righteous spirit, whose soul is devoted to natural law (dharma)

Compound: dharma (natural law) + ātman (soul).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Yudhiṣṭhira.

भ्रातॄन् (bhrātṝn) - brothers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Object of abhyabhāṣata.

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Qualifies bhrātṝn.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle, Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest Pāṇḍava)

Compound: yudhi (in battle) + sthira (steady).

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – steady, firm, constant
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Explicitly states the subject of abhyabhāṣata.