महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-242, verse-21

विदुरस्त्वेवमाज्ञप्तः सर्ववर्णानरिंदम ।
यथाप्रमाणतो विद्वान्पूजयामास धर्मवित् ॥२१॥

21. vidurastvevamājñaptaḥ sarvavarṇānariṁdama ,
yathāpramāṇato vidvānpūjayāmāsa dharmavit.

21. viduraḥ tu evam ājñaptaḥ sarvavarṇān ariṃdama
yathāpramāṇataḥ vidvān pūjayāmāsa dharmavit

21. O destroyer of foes, Vidura, the wise one and knower of natural law (dharma), thus instructed, then worshipped all the social classes (varṇa) as was proper.

21. וִידוּרַה, החכם היודע את חוקת היושר, קיבל כך את הפקודה, הו מכניע אויבים, וכיבד את כל המעמדות כראוי.

Words meanings summery:

• विदुरः (viduraḥ) - The wise counselor. (Vidura)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• आज्ञप्तः (ājñaptaḥ) - instructed, commanded

• सर्ववर्णान् (sarvavarṇān) - Refers to the social divisions (varṇa) in ancient India. (all the classes/castes)

• अरिंदम (ariṁdama) - Vocative address to the listener, typical in epic narratives. (O destroyer of foes)

• यथाप्रमाणतः (yathāpramāṇataḥ) - according to measure, according to standard, appropriately

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - learned, wise

• पूजयामास (pūjayāmāsa) - he worshipped, he honored

• धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knower of dharma, knower of righteousness

Words meanings and morphology

विदुरः (viduraḥ) - The wise counselor. (Vidura)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (name of a wise character in the Mahābhārata)

Note: Masculine Nominative Singular.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating continuation or slight contrast.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb.

आज्ञप्तः (ājñaptaḥ) - instructed, commanded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ājñapta

ājñapta - commanded, ordered, instructed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `√jñā` (to know) with prefix `ā` and suffix `kta`. A `p` is inserted.

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Past Passive Participle, used adjectivally. Agrees with `Viduraḥ`.

सर्ववर्णान् (sarvavarṇān) - Refers to the social divisions (varṇa) in ancient India. (all the classes/castes)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarvavarṇa

sarvavarṇa - all classes/castes

Karmadhāraya compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+varṇa)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• varṇa – class, caste, color, kind
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Masculine Accusative Plural.

अरिंदम (ariṁdama) - Vocative address to the listener, typical in epic narratives. (O destroyer of foes)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of ariṃdama

ariṁdama - destroyer of enemies, subjugator of foes

Upapada Tatpurusha compound: ari + dama (from `√dam` to tame, subdue). 'One who tames/subdues enemies.'

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (ari+dama)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• dama – taming, subduing, self-control (as noun); taming, subduing (as agent)
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from `√dam` with suffix `a`.
  Root: dam (class 1)

Note: Masculine Vocative Singular.

यथाप्रमाणतः (yathāpramāṇataḥ) - according to measure, according to standard, appropriately

(indeclinable)

Derived from `yathāpramāṇa` with suffix `tas`. `yathāpramāṇa` itself is an Avyayībhāva compound (yathā + pramāṇa).

Note: Adverbial form.

विद्वान् (vidvān) - learned, wise

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvat

vidvat - learned, wise, knowing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `√vid` (to know) with suffix `śatṛ`.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Masculine Nominative Singular, agrees with `Viduraḥ`.

पूजयामास (pūjayāmāsa) - he worshipped, he honored

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of pūj

Periphrastic Perfect (Lit)

3rd person singular, active voice. Formed with auxiliary `√ās` and the denominative stem `pūjayā`.

Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: 3rd person singular periphrastic perfect active.

धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knower of dharma, knower of righteousness

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmavid

dharmavid - knower of natural law (dharma)/righteousness

Tatpurusha compound: dharma + vid (from `√vid` to know). The final `d` of `vid` becomes `t` due to final voiceless consonant rule before pause.

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+vid)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `√dhṛ` (to uphold, sustain).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vid – knowing, skilled in, knower
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from `√vid` (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Masculine Nominative Singular, agrees with `Viduraḥ`.

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