महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-242, verse-19

धृतराष्ट्रोऽपि राजेन्द्र संवृतः सर्वकौरवैः ।
हर्षेण महता युक्तो विदुरं प्रत्यभाषत ॥१९॥

19. dhṛtarāṣṭro'pi rājendra saṁvṛtaḥ sarvakauravaiḥ ,
harṣeṇa mahatā yukto viduraṁ pratyabhāṣata.

19. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ api rājendra saṃvṛtaḥ sarvakauravaiḥ
harṣeṇa mahatā yuktaḥ viduram pratyabhāṣata

19. O king of kings, Dhṛtarāṣṭra also, surrounded by all the Kauravas and filled with great joy, spoke in reply to Vidura.

19. גם דְהְרְטַרָאשְׁטְרַה, הו מלך המלכים, הוקף בכל הקַאוּרַוַה, ומלא שמחה גדולה אמר לוִידוּרַה,

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - The blind king, father of the Kauravas. (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - Often used as a vocative address to a great king, here likely to the listener in the narrative. (O king of kings, O chief of kings)

• संवृतः (saṁvṛtaḥ) - surrounded, covered, encompassed

• सर्वकौरवैः (sarvakauravaiḥ) - Refers to the sons and supporters of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (by all the Kauravas)

• हर्षेण (harṣeṇa) - with joy, with delight

• महता (mahatā) - great, immense

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - endowed with, joined with, connected with

• विदुरम् (viduram) - Refers to Vidura, Dhṛtarāṣṭra's half-brother and a wise counselor. (to Vidura)

• प्रत्यभाषत (pratyabhāṣata) - he replied, he spoke in return

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - The blind king, father of the Kauravas. (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the blind king)

Bahuvrīhi compound: Dhṛta (held/supported) + Rāṣṭra (kingdom). 'He whose kingdom is held.'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, supported, maintained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `√dhṛ` (to hold, support) with suffix `kta`.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Masculine Nominative Singular.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle.

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - Often used as a vocative address to a great king, here likely to the listener in the narrative. (O king of kings, O chief of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - king of kings, chief of kings, emperor

Tatpurusha compound: rājan + indra.

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• indra – Indra (name of a deity), chief, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Masculine Vocative Singular.

संवृतः (saṁvṛtaḥ) - surrounded, covered, encompassed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃvṛta

saṁvṛta - surrounded, covered, concealed, shut

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `√vṛ` (to cover, enclose) with prefix `sam` and suffix `kta`.

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Masculine Nominative Singular, agrees with Dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ.

सर्वकौरवैः (sarvakauravaiḥ) - Refers to the sons and supporters of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (by all the Kauravas)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarvakaurava

sarvakaurava - all the Kauravas

Karmadhāraya compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+kaurava)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• kaurava – descendant of Kuru, a Kaurava
  noun (masculine)
  Patronymic derived from `Kuru`.

Note: Masculine Instrumental Plural.

हर्षेण (harṣeṇa) - with joy, with delight

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of harṣa

harṣa - joy, delight, happiness, exhilaration

Derived from root `√hṛṣ` (to be excited, rejoice).

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Masculine Instrumental Singular.

महता (mahatā) - great, immense

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, mighty

Note: Masculine Instrumental Singular, agrees with `harṣeṇa`.

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - endowed with, joined with, connected with

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, connected, endowed with, engaged in, appropriate

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `√yuj` (to join, connect) with suffix `kta`.

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Masculine Nominative Singular, agrees with Dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ.

विदुरम् (viduram) - Refers to Vidura, Dhṛtarāṣṭra's half-brother and a wise counselor. (to Vidura)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (name of a wise character in the Mahābhārata)

Note: Masculine Accusative Singular.

प्रत्यभाषत (pratyabhāṣata) - he replied, he spoke in return

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhāṣ

Imperfect (Laṅ)

3rd person singular, middle voice, with upasarga `prati`.

Prefix: prati

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: 3rd person singular imperfect middle of `√bhāṣ` with `prati` as upasarga.

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