महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-242, verse-21

विदुरस्त्वेवमाज्ञप्तः सर्ववर्णानरिंदम ।
यथाप्रमाणतो विद्वान्पूजयामास धर्मवित् ॥२१॥

21. vidurastvevamājñaptaḥ sarvavarṇānariṁdama ,
yathāpramāṇato vidvānpūjayāmāsa dharmavit.

21. viduraḥ tu evam ājñaptaḥ sarvavarṇān ariṃdama
yathāpramāṇataḥ vidvān pūjayāmāsa dharmavit

21. O destroyer of foes, Vidura, the wise one and knower of natural law (dharma), thus instructed, then worshipped all the social classes (varṇa) as was proper.

Words meanings summery:

• विदुरः (viduraḥ) - The wise counselor. (Vidura)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• आज्ञप्तः (ājñaptaḥ) - instructed, commanded

• सर्ववर्णान् (sarvavarṇān) - Refers to the social divisions (varṇa) in ancient India. (all the classes/castes)

• अरिंदम (ariṁdama) - Vocative address to the listener, typical in epic narratives. (O destroyer of foes)

• यथाप्रमाणतः (yathāpramāṇataḥ) - according to measure, according to standard, appropriately

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - learned, wise

• पूजयामास (pūjayāmāsa) - he worshipped, he honored

• धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knower of dharma, knower of righteousness

Words meanings and morphology

विदुरः (viduraḥ) - The wise counselor. (Vidura)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (name of a wise character in the Mahābhārata)

Note: Masculine Nominative Singular.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating continuation or slight contrast.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb.

आज्ञप्तः (ājñaptaḥ) - instructed, commanded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ājñapta

ājñapta - commanded, ordered, instructed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `√jñā` (to know) with prefix `ā` and suffix `kta`. A `p` is inserted.

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Past Passive Participle, used adjectivally. Agrees with `Viduraḥ`.

सर्ववर्णान् (sarvavarṇān) - Refers to the social divisions (varṇa) in ancient India. (all the classes/castes)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarvavarṇa

sarvavarṇa - all classes/castes

Karmadhāraya compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+varṇa)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• varṇa – class, caste, color, kind
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Masculine Accusative Plural.

अरिंदम (ariṁdama) - Vocative address to the listener, typical in epic narratives. (O destroyer of foes)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of ariṃdama

ariṁdama - destroyer of enemies, subjugator of foes

Upapada Tatpurusha compound: ari + dama (from `√dam` to tame, subdue). 'One who tames/subdues enemies.'

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (ari+dama)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• dama – taming, subduing, self-control (as noun); taming, subduing (as agent)
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from `√dam` with suffix `a`.
  Root: dam (class 1)

Note: Masculine Vocative Singular.

यथाप्रमाणतः (yathāpramāṇataḥ) - according to measure, according to standard, appropriately

(indeclinable)

Derived from `yathāpramāṇa` with suffix `tas`. `yathāpramāṇa` itself is an Avyayībhāva compound (yathā + pramāṇa).

Note: Adverbial form.

विद्वान् (vidvān) - learned, wise

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvat

vidvat - learned, wise, knowing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `√vid` (to know) with suffix `śatṛ`.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Masculine Nominative Singular, agrees with `Viduraḥ`.

पूजयामास (pūjayāmāsa) - he worshipped, he honored

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of pūj

Periphrastic Perfect (Lit)

3rd person singular, active voice. Formed with auxiliary `√ās` and the denominative stem `pūjayā`.

Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: 3rd person singular periphrastic perfect active.

धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knower of dharma, knower of righteousness

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmavid

dharmavid - knower of natural law (dharma)/righteousness

Tatpurusha compound: dharma + vid (from `√vid` to know). The final `d` of `vid` becomes `t` due to final voiceless consonant rule before pause.

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+vid)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `√dhṛ` (to uphold, sustain).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vid – knowing, skilled in, knower
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from `√vid` (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Masculine Nominative Singular, agrees with `Viduraḥ`.