महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-239, verse-3

अद्य चाप्यवगच्छामि न वृद्धाः सेवितास्त्वया ।
यः समुत्पतितं हर्षं दैन्यं वा न नियच्छति ।
स नश्यति श्रियं प्राप्य पात्रमाममिवाम्भसि ॥३॥

3. adya cāpyavagacchāmi na vṛddhāḥ sevitāstvayā ,
yaḥ samutpatitaṁ harṣaṁ dainyaṁ vā na niyacchati ,
sa naśyati śriyaṁ prāpya pātramāmamivāmbhasi.

3. adya ca api avagacchāmi na vṛddhāḥ
sevitāḥ tvayā yaḥ samutpatitam harṣam
dainyam vā na niyacchati sa naśyati
śriyam prāpya pātram āmam iva ambhasi

3. Today, I also understand that you have not truly served (listened to the counsel of) the elders. Indeed, one who does not restrain their rising joy or dejection perishes, even after acquiring prosperity (śrī), just like an unbaked earthen pot (pātram āmam) disintegrates in water (ambhasi).

Words meanings summery:

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• अवगच्छामि (avagacchāmi) - I understand, I know

• न (na) - not, no

• वृद्धाः (vṛddhāḥ) - the elders (wise counselors) (elders, old people, wise people)

• सेविताः (sevitāḥ) - served, attended to

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• यः (yaḥ) - He who (who, which (relative pronoun))

• समुत्पतितम् (samutpatitam) - rising, suddenly appearing

• हर्षम् (harṣam) - joy, elation

• दैन्यम् (dainyam) - dejection, misery, wretchedness

• वा (vā) - or

• न (na) - not, no

• नियच्छति (niyacchati) - controls, restrains

• स (sa) - he, that

• नश्यति (naśyati) - perishes, is destroyed

• श्रियम् (śriyam) - prosperity, wealth, glory

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having acquired

• पात्रम् (pātram) - pot, vessel, container

• आमम् (āmam) - unbaked (earthen pot) (raw, unbaked, unripe)

• इव (iva) - like, as, similar to

• अम्भसि (ambhasi) - in water

Words meanings and morphology

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अवगच्छामि (avagacchāmi) - I understand, I know

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of avagacch

present tense

1st person singular present active of √gam with upasarga ava

Prefix: ava

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject is implicit 'I' (Śakuni).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

वृद्धाः (vṛddhāḥ) - the elders (wise counselors) (elders, old people, wise people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown; an elder, a wise person

Past Passive Participle

PPP of √vṛdh

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied passive action 'sevitāḥ'.

सेविताः (sevitāḥ) - served, attended to

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sevita

sevita - served, attended to, revered

Past Passive Participle

PPP of √sev

Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vṛddhāḥ'.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuşmad

yuşmad - you (singular and plural)

Note: Agent for 'sevitāḥ'.

यः (yaḥ) - He who (who, which (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Subject of 'niyacchati'.

समुत्पतितम् (samutpatitam) - rising, suddenly appearing

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of samutpatita

samutpatita - risen, sprung up, suddenly appeared

Past Passive Participle

PPP of √pat with upasargas sam-ut

Prefixes: sam+ut

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'harṣam' and 'dainyam'.

हर्षम् (harṣam) - joy, elation

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of harṣa

harṣa - joy, delight, elation, excitement

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'niyacchati'.

दैन्यम् (dainyam) - dejection, misery, wretchedness

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dainya

dainya - dejection, misery, wretchedness, humbleness

Derived from 'dīna' (poor, wretched)

Note: Object of 'niyacchati'.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

नियच्छति (niyacchati) - controls, restrains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of niyacch

present tense

3rd person singular present active of √yam with upasarga ni

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Finite verb, subject 'yaḥ'.

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative to 'yaḥ'.

नश्यति (naśyati) - perishes, is destroyed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of naś

present tense

3rd person singular present active of √naś

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Finite verb, subject 'sa'.

श्रियम् (śriyam) - prosperity, wealth, glory

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śrī

śrī - prosperity, wealth, glory, beauty, Lakshmi

Note: Object of 'prāpya'.

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having acquired

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive of √āp with upasarga pra

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Adverbial participle.

पात्रम् (pātram) - pot, vessel, container

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pātra

pātra - pot, vessel, container, recipient

Note: Subject of the simile.

आमम् (āmam) - unbaked (earthen pot) (raw, unbaked, unripe)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āma

āma - raw, unbaked, unripe, crude

Note: Qualifies 'pātram'.

इव (iva) - like, as, similar to

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

अम्भसि (ambhasi) - in water

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ambhas

ambhas - water

Note: Location for the simile.