महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-239, verse-17

कुशचीराम्बरधरः परं नियममास्थितः ।
वाग्यतो राजशार्दूलः स स्वर्गगतिकाङ्क्षया ।
मनसोपचितिं कृत्वा निरस्य च बहिष्क्रियाः ॥१७॥

17. kuśacīrāmbaradharaḥ paraṁ niyamamāsthitaḥ ,
vāgyato rājaśārdūlaḥ sa svargagatikāṅkṣayā ,
manasopacitiṁ kṛtvā nirasya ca bahiṣkriyāḥ.

17. kuśacīrāmbaradharaḥ param niyamam
āsthitaḥ vāgyataḥ rājaśārdūlaḥ
saḥ svargagatikāṅkṣayā manasā upacitim
kṛtvā nirasya ca bahiṣkriyāḥ

17. Wearing garments of kusha grass and bark, and having adopted a strict vow, he (Duryodhana), who was restrained in speech and a tiger among kings, performed mental concentration (dhyāna) with a desire for the attainment of heaven (svarga), and renounced all external activities.

Words meanings summery:

• कुशचीराम्बरधरः (kuśacīrāmbaradharaḥ) - Duryodhana, wearing kusha grass and bark as a sign of asceticism (wearing kusha grass and bark garments)

• परम् (param) - strict (vow/rule) (highest, utmost, excellent, strict)

• नियमम् (niyamam) - strict vow (for ascetic practice) (vow, rule, discipline, self-restraint)

• आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - having adopted (a vow) (having adopted, having taken up, having undertaken)

• वाग्यतः (vāgyataḥ) - Duryodhana, having controlled his speech as part of his vow (restrained in speech, silent)

• राजशार्दूलः (rājaśārdūlaḥ) - Duryodhana, described as the best among kings (tiger among kings, best of kings)

• सः (saḥ) - Duryodhana (he)

• स्वर्गगतिकाङ्क्षया (svargagatikāṅkṣayā) - with the specific desire for achieving heaven (svarga) (with a desire for attainment of heaven)

• मनसा (manasā) - by his mind (for mental concentration) (by the mind, mentally)

• उपचितिम् (upacitim) - mental concentration (dhyāna) (accumulation, increase, concentration)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having performed (mental concentration) (having done, having made, having performed)

• निरस्य (nirasya) - having renounced (external activities) (having cast off, having thrown away, having renounced)

• च (ca) - and

• बहिष्क्रियाः (bahiṣkriyāḥ) - external activities (of the senses or body) (external activities, outward actions)

Words meanings and morphology

कुशचीराम्बरधरः (kuśacīrāmbaradharaḥ) - Duryodhana, wearing kusha grass and bark as a sign of asceticism (wearing kusha grass and bark garments)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuśacīrāmbaradhara

kuśacīrāmbaradhara - wearing kusha grass and bark garments

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kuśa+cīra+ambara+dhara)

• kuśa – kusha grass, sacred grass
  noun (masculine)
• cīra – bark garment, ragged cloth
  noun (neuter)
• ambara – garment, cloth, sky
  noun (neuter)
• dhara – bearing, wearing, holding
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  Derived from root √dhṛ (to bear, wear)
  Root: √dhṛ (धृ) (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ' (he).

परम् (param) - strict (vow/rule) (highest, utmost, excellent, strict)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - highest, supreme, utmost, strict, distant, other

Note: Qualifies 'niyamam'.

नियमम् (niyamam) - strict vow (for ascetic practice) (vow, rule, discipline, self-restraint)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niyama

niyama - rule, regulation, discipline, vow, self-restraint

Prefix: ni

Root: √yam (यम्) (class 1)

आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - having adopted (a vow) (having adopted, having taken up, having undertaken)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āsthita

āsthita - standing, situated, adopted, undertaken, observed

Past Passive Participle

Formed with prefix ā + root √sthā + suffix kta

Prefix: ā

Root: √sthā (स्था) (class 1)

वाग्यतः (vāgyataḥ) - Duryodhana, having controlled his speech as part of his vow (restrained in speech, silent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāgyata

vāgyata - restrained in speech, silent, one whose speech is controlled

From vāc (speech) + yata (controlled)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vāc+yata)

• vāc – speech, voice
  noun (feminine)
• yata – restrained, controlled, disciplined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √yam (to restrain, control)
  Root: √yam (यम्) (class 1)

राजशार्दूलः (rājaśārdūlaḥ) - Duryodhana, described as the best among kings (tiger among kings, best of kings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājaśārdūla

rājaśārdūla - tiger among kings, excellent king, best of kings

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+śārdūla)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger, best of, chief
  noun (masculine)

सः (saḥ) - Duryodhana (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

स्वर्गगतिकाङ्क्षया (svargagatikāṅkṣayā) - with the specific desire for achieving heaven (svarga) (with a desire for attainment of heaven)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of svargagatikāṅkṣā

svargagatikāṅkṣā - desire for attainment of heaven

Compound type : tatpurusha (svarga+gati+ākāṅkṣā)

• svarga – heaven, paradise
  noun (masculine)
• gati – going, movement, attainment, state
  noun (feminine)
  From root √gam (to go)
  Root: √gam (गम्) (class 1)
• ākāṅkṣā – desire, wish, longing
  noun (feminine)
  From root √kāṅkṣ (to desire) with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: √kāṅkṣ (काङ्क्ष्) (class 1)

मनसा (manasā) - by his mind (for mental concentration) (by the mind, mentally)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, thought

Root: √man (मन्) (class 4)

उपचितिम् (upacitim) - mental concentration (dhyāna) (accumulation, increase, concentration)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of upaciti

upaciti - accumulation, increase, addition, concentration, worship

Formed with prefix upa + root √ci (to collect, observe) + suffix ktin

Prefix: upa

Root: √ci (चि) (class 5)

Note: Refers to mental activity, possibly meditation (dhyāna).

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having performed (mental concentration) (having done, having made, having performed)

(indeclinable)

absolutives (gerund)

formed from root √kṛ + suffix ktvā

Root: √kṛ (कृ) (class 8)

निरस्य (nirasya) - having renounced (external activities) (having cast off, having thrown away, having renounced)

(indeclinable)

absolutives (gerund)

formed with prefix nir + root √as + suffix lyaP

Prefix: nis

Root: √as (अस्) (class 4)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

बहिष्क्रियाः (bahiṣkriyāḥ) - external activities (of the senses or body) (external activities, outward actions)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of bahiṣkriyā

bahiṣkriyā - external actions, outward activities, rituals

Compound type : tatpurusha (bahis+kriyā)

• bahis – outside, outward
  indeclinable
• kriyā – action, activity, ritual
  noun (feminine)
  From root √kṛ (to do)
  Root: √kṛ (कृ) (class 8)