महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-239, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
प्रायोपविष्टं राजानं दुर्योधनममर्षणम् ।
उवाच सान्त्वयन्राजञ्शकुनिः सौबलस्तदा ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
prāyopaviṣṭaṁ rājānaṁ duryodhanamamarṣaṇam ,
uvāca sāntvayanrājañśakuniḥ saubalastadā.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca prāyopaviṣṭam rājānam duryodhanam
amarṣaṇam uvāca sāntvayan rājan śakuniḥ saubalaḥ tadā

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: Then Śakuni, son of Subala, pacifying King Duryodhana, who was fasting unto death and full of indignation, spoke to him.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• प्रायोपविष्टम् (prāyopaviṣṭam) - one who has undertaken a fast unto death

• राजानम् (rājānam) - king

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana

• अमर्षणम् (amarṣaṇam) - full of indignation (indignant, impatient, intolerant)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• सान्त्वयन् (sāntvayan) - pacifying, consoling

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Śakuni (name of a Gandhara prince)

• सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - Śakuni, son of Subala (king of Gandhara) (son of Subala)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, a disciple of Vyasa

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect active of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रायोपविष्टम् (prāyopaviṣṭam) - one who has undertaken a fast unto death

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prāyopaviṣṭa

prāyopaviṣṭa - one who has undertaken a fast unto death (prāya-upaveśana)

Past Passive Participle

PPP of √viś with upasargas pra-upa

Prefixes: pra+upa

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Qualifies Duryodhana.

राजानम् (rājānam) - king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Object of 'uvāca'.

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

Note: Object of 'uvāca'.

अमर्षणम् (amarṣaṇam) - full of indignation (indignant, impatient, intolerant)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of amarṣaṇa

amarṣaṇa - indignant, impatient, intolerant

Derived from √mṛṣ (to bear, tolerate) with negative prefix 'a'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+marṣaṇa)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
• marṣaṇa – tolerance, patience
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √mṛṣ
  Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Duryodhana.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect active of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

सान्त्वयन् (sāntvayan) - pacifying, consoling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sāntvayat

sāntvayat - pacifying, consoling

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of √sāntv (from santv)

Root: sāntv (class 10)

Note: Qualifies Śakuni.

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Addressed to Duryodhana.

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Śakuni (name of a Gandhara prince)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - Śakuni (brother of Gāndhārī, son of Subala)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - Śakuni, son of Subala (king of Gandhara) (son of Subala)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saubala

saubala - son of Subala, relating to Subala

A patronymic derived from Subala

Note: Qualifies Śakuni.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)