महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-193, verse-1

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
इक्ष्वाकौ संस्थिते राजञ्शशादः पृथिवीमिमाम् ।
प्राप्तः परमधर्मात्मा सोऽयोध्यायां नृपोऽभवत् ॥१॥

1. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
ikṣvākau saṁsthite rājañśaśādaḥ pṛthivīmimām ,
prāptaḥ paramadharmātmā so'yodhyāyāṁ nṛpo'bhavat.

1. mārkaṇḍeyaḥ uvāca ikṣvākau saṃsthite rājan śaśādaḥ pṛthivīm
imām prāptaḥ paramadharmātmā saḥ ayodhyāyām nṛpaḥ abhavat

1. Mārkaṇḍeya said: O King, when Ikṣvāku had passed away, King Śaśāda, who was supremely righteous (dharma), obtained this earth and became king in Ayodhyā.

Words meanings summery:

• मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - Mārkaṇḍeya (a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• इक्ष्वाकौ (ikṣvākau) - in relation to Ikṣvāku, implying his passing (in Ikṣvāku, regarding Ikṣvāku)

• संस्थिते (saṁsthite) - when (Ikṣvāku) had passed away (locative absolute construction) (having passed away, having ended, established)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King!

• शशादः (śaśādaḥ) - Śaśāda (name of a king)

• पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - the earth

• इमाम् (imām) - this (feminine accusative singular)

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - obtained, reached, attained

• परमधर्मात्मा (paramadharmātmā) - one whose nature (ātman) is supreme righteousness (dharma), supremely righteous

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• अयोध्यायाम् (ayodhyāyām) - in Ayodhyā (name of a city)

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

Words meanings and morphology

मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - Mārkaṇḍeya (a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārkaṇḍeya

mārkaṇḍeya - name of a celebrated sage

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense

3rd person singular, perfect tense

Root: vac (class 2)

इक्ष्वाकौ (ikṣvākau) - in relation to Ikṣvāku, implying his passing (in Ikṣvāku, regarding Ikṣvāku)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ikṣvāku

ikṣvāku - name of an ancient king and dynasty

संस्थिते (saṁsthite) - when (Ikṣvāku) had passed away (locative absolute construction) (having passed away, having ended, established)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃsthita

saṁsthita - situated, existing, deceased, ended, established

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with upasarga sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction

राजन् (rājan) - O King!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

शशादः (śaśādaḥ) - Śaśāda (name of a king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaśāda

śaśāda - name of a king

पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - the earth

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground

इमाम् (imām) - this (feminine accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Agrees with pṛthivīm

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - obtained, reached, attained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root āp (to obtain) with upasarga pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with śaśādaḥ

परमधर्मात्मा (paramadharmātmā) - one whose nature (ātman) is supreme righteousness (dharma), supremely righteous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paramadharmātman

paramadharmātman - one whose nature is supreme righteousness

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (parama+dharma+ātman)

• parama – supreme, highest, best
  adjective (masculine)
• dharma – righteousness, natural law, constitution (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with śaśādaḥ

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अयोध्यायाम् (ayodhyāyām) - in Ayodhyā (name of a city)

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of ayodhyā

ayodhyā - Ayodhyā (name of a city)

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler (lit. protector of men)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā (class 2)

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect tense

3rd person singular, imperfect tense

Root: bhū (class 1)