महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-184, verse-4

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
एवं पृष्टा प्रीतियुक्तेन तेन शुश्रूषुमीक्ष्योत्तमबुद्धियुक्तम् ।
तार्क्ष्यं विप्रं धर्मयुक्तं हितं च सरस्वती वाक्यमिदं बभाषे ॥४॥

4. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
evaṁ pṛṣṭā prītiyuktena tena; śuśrūṣumīkṣyottamabuddhiyuktam ,
tārkṣyaṁ vipraṁ dharmayuktaṁ hitaṁ ca; sarasvatī vākyamidaṁ babhāṣe.

4. mārkaṇḍeyaḥ uvāca | evam pṛṣṭā prītiyuktena
tena śuśrūṣum īkṣya uttama-buddhi-yuktam
| tārkṣyam vipram dharma-yuktam
hitam ca sarasvatī vākyam idam babhāṣe

4. Mārkaṇḍeya said: Thus, when questioned by him who was filled with affection, and observing the brahmin Tārkṣya, who was eager to listen, possessed of excellent intellect, endowed with righteousness (dharma), and benevolent, Sarasvatī uttered these words.

Words meanings summery:

• मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - Mārkaṇḍeya (a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• पृष्टा (pṛṣṭā) - questioned, asked

• प्रीतियुक्तेन (prītiyuktena) - by one endowed with affection, by the affectionate one

• तेन (tena) - by Tārkṣya (by him, by that one)

• शुश्रूषुम् (śuśrūṣum) - eager to listen, desirous of hearing

• ईक्ष्य (īkṣya) - having seen, observing, perceiving

• उत्तम-बुद्धि-युक्तम् (uttama-buddhi-yuktam) - endowed with excellent intellect

• तार्क्ष्यम् (tārkṣyam) - Tārkṣya, the brahmin (Tārkṣya)

• विप्रम् (vipram) - brahmin, priest

• धर्म-युक्तम् (dharma-yuktam) - endowed with righteousness (dharma)

• हितम् (hitam) - benevolent, beneficial, well-wishing

• च (ca) - and

• सरस्वती (sarasvatī) - Sarasvatī (goddess of knowledge)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, sentence

• इदम् (idam) - this

• बभाषे (babhāṣe) - she spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - Mārkaṇḍeya (a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārkaṇḍeya

mārkaṇḍeya - Mārkaṇḍeya (name of an ancient sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

पृष्टा (pṛṣṭā) - questioned, asked

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pṛṣṭa

pṛṣṭa - asked, questioned, inquired; chosen, preferred

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root praś (to ask) with suffix -kta

Root: praś (class 6)

Note: Refers to Sarasvatī being questioned.

प्रीतियुक्तेन (prītiyuktena) - by one endowed with affection, by the affectionate one

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of prītiyukta

prītiyukta - endowed with affection/love/joy; attached to, fond of

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prīti+yukta)

• prīti – affection, love, joy, delight
  noun (feminine)
  Root: prī (class 9)
• yukta – joined, endowed with, possessed of, fit, proper
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root yuj (to join) with suffix -kta
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Modifies 'tena'.

तेन (tena) - by Tārkṣya (by him, by that one)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शुश्रूषुम् (śuśrūṣum) - eager to listen, desirous of hearing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śuśrūṣu

śuśrūṣu - desirous of hearing, eager to listen, obedient, dutiful

Desiderative Participle

Derived from desiderative stem of śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Modifies 'tārkṣyam'.

ईक्ष्य (īkṣya) - having seen, observing, perceiving

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root īkṣ (to see) with suffix -lyap (after a prefix)

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Sarasvatī having seen Tārkṣya.

उत्तम-बुद्धि-युक्तम् (uttama-buddhi-yuktam) - endowed with excellent intellect

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uttama-buddhi-yukta

uttama-buddhi-yukta - possessed of excellent intellect, having supreme wisdom

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (uttama+buddhi+yukta)

• uttama – highest, best, excellent, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, perception, reason, wisdom
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh (class 1)
• yukta – joined, endowed with, possessed of, fit, proper
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root yuj (to join) with suffix -kta
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Modifies 'tārkṣyam'.

तार्क्ष्यम् (tārkṣyam) - Tārkṣya, the brahmin (Tārkṣya)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tārkṣya

tārkṣya - Tārkṣya (a name, sometimes identified with Garuḍa or a descendant of Tṛkṣa or Tṛkṣi)

विप्रम् (vipram) - brahmin, priest

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - brahmin, priest; inspired, learned; a sage, poet

धर्म-युक्तम् (dharma-yuktam) - endowed with righteousness (dharma)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma-yukta

dharma-yukta - righteous, virtuous, just, endowed with righteousness/duty

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+yukta)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, moral law, virtue, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• yukta – joined, endowed with, possessed of, fit, proper
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root yuj (to join) with suffix -kta
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Modifies 'tārkṣyam'.

हितम् (hitam) - benevolent, beneficial, well-wishing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, salutary, good, friendly, well-wishing

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dhā (to place, do) or hi (to go, send) with suffix -kta

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Modifies 'tārkṣyam'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सरस्वती (sarasvatī) - Sarasvatī (goddess of knowledge)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sarasvatī

sarasvatī - Sarasvatī (name of a goddess, river, speech, eloquence)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, sentence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, sentence, speech, statement, saying

Root: vac (class 2)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Note: Modifies 'vākyam'.

बभाषे (babhāṣe) - she spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of bhāṣ

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)