महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-184, verse-11

यः सप्त वर्षाणि जुहोति तार्क्ष्य हव्यं त्वग्नौ सुव्रतः साधुशीलः ।
सप्तावरान्सप्त पूर्वान्पुनाति पितामहानात्मनः कर्मभिः स्वैः ॥११॥

11. yaḥ sapta varṣāṇi juhoti tārkṣya; havyaṁ tvagnau suvrataḥ sādhuśīlaḥ ,
saptāvarānsapta pūrvānpunāti; pitāmahānātmanaḥ karmabhiḥ svaiḥ.

11. yaḥ sapta varṣāṇi juhoti tārkṣyam
havyam tu agnau suvrataḥ sādhuśīlaḥ
sapta avarān sapta pūrvān punāti
pitāmahān ātmanaḥ karmabhiḥ svaiḥ

11. The disciplined and virtuous person who offers oblations (yajña) to Tārkṣya into the fire for seven years purifies seven generations of his ancestors below and seven generations above him through his own deeds (karma).

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - the one who (who, which)

• सप्त (sapta) - seven

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

• जुहोति (juhoti) - he offers (as oblation)

• तार्क्ष्यम् (tārkṣyam) - a specific oblation to Tārkṣya (a deity or aspect of a sacrifice) (oblation to Tārkṣya; a specific offering)

• हव्यम् (havyam) - oblation, offering

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphatic) (but, on the other hand, indeed, however)

• अग्नौ (agnau) - in the fire, to the fire

• सुव्रतः (suvrataḥ) - a disciplined (person) (of good vows, disciplined, virtuous)

• साधुशीलः (sādhuśīlaḥ) - of good conduct, virtuous

• सप्त (sapta) - seven

• अवरान् (avarān) - seven generations below (descendants) (descendants, those below)

• सप्त (sapta) - seven

• पूर्वान् (pūrvān) - seven generations above (ancestors) (ancestors, those before)

• पुनाति (punāti) - he purifies, he cleanses

• पितामहान् (pitāmahān) - his ancestors (including grandfathers) (grandfathers, ancestors)

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of himself (of oneself, of the self (ātman))

• कर्मभिः (karmabhiḥ) - by deeds, by actions (karma)

• स्वैः (svaiḥ) - by one's own

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - the one who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

सप्त (sapta) - seven

(indeclinable)

Note: Adjectival use for 'varṣāṇi'.

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, rainy season

Note: Duration of time is often expressed in accusative.

जुहोति (juhoti) - he offers (as oblation)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of hu

Present Active

Root hu (class 3, P) + ti (reduplicated root)

Root: hu (class 3)

तार्क्ष्यम् (tārkṣyam) - a specific oblation to Tārkṣya (a deity or aspect of a sacrifice) (oblation to Tārkṣya; a specific offering)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tārkṣya

tārkṣya - belonging to Tārkṣya (Garuda); a kind of offering or specific ritual object/deity

Derived from Tṛkṣa or Tṛkṣi, often associated with Garuda.

हव्यम् (havyam) - oblation, offering

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of havya

havya - oblation, offering, what is to be offered

Gerundive

Root hu (to sacrifice) + ya suffix

Root: hu (class 3)

तु (tu) - indeed (emphatic) (but, on the other hand, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

अग्नौ (agnau) - in the fire, to the fire

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire, god of fire

सुव्रतः (suvrataḥ) - a disciplined (person) (of good vows, disciplined, virtuous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suvrata

suvrata - of good vows, well-behaved, virtuous

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+vrata)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject 'yaḥ'.

साधुशीलः (sādhuśīlaḥ) - of good conduct, virtuous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sādhuśīla

sādhuśīla - of good conduct, virtuous, upright

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sādhu+śīla)

• sādhu – good, proper, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
• śīla – conduct, character, habit
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject 'yaḥ'.

सप्त (sapta) - seven

(indeclinable)

Note: Adjectival use for 'avarān'.

अवरान् (avarān) - seven generations below (descendants) (descendants, those below)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of avara

avara - inferior, lower, later, descendant

सप्त (sapta) - seven

(indeclinable)

Note: Adjectival use for 'pūrvān'.

पूर्वान् (pūrvān) - seven generations above (ancestors) (ancestors, those before)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pūrva

pūrva - former, prior, previous, ancestor

पुनाति (punāti) - he purifies, he cleanses

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of pū

Present Active

Root pū (class 9, P) + nā + ti

Root: pū (class 9)

पितामहान् (pitāmahān) - his ancestors (including grandfathers) (grandfathers, ancestors)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, progenitor, ancestor

Compound type : tatpurusha (pitṛ+mahā)

• pitṛ – father, ancestor
  noun (masculine)
• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (masculine)

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of himself (of oneself, of the self (ātman))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

कर्मभिः (karmabhiḥ) - by deeds, by actions (karma)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual

From root kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

स्वैः (svaiḥ) - by one's own

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of sva

sva - own, one's own

Note: Agrees with 'karmabhiḥ'.