महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-184, verse-19

सरस्वत्युवाच ।
श्रेष्ठानि यानि द्विपदां वरिष्ठ यज्ञेषु विद्वन्नुपपादयन्ति ।
तैरेवाहं संप्रवृद्धा भवामि आप्यायिता रूपवती च विप्र ॥१९॥

19. sarasvatyuvāca ,
śreṣṭhāni yāni dvipadāṁ variṣṭha; yajñeṣu vidvannupapādayanti ,
tairevāhaṁ saṁpravṛddhā bhavāmi; āpyāyitā rūpavatī ca vipra.

19. Sarasvatī uvāca śreṣṭhāni yāni
dvipadām variṣṭha yajñeṣu vidvan
upapādayanti taiḥ eva aham sampravṛddhā
bhavāmi āpyāyitā rūpavatī ca vipra

19. Sarasvatī said: "O chief among bipeds, O learned one, O Brahmin, I am greatly nourished and become beautiful by those excellent (offerings) which people perform in the Vedic rituals (yajña)."

Words meanings summery:

• सरस्वती (sarasvatī) - Sarasvatī (goddess of knowledge, speech, and arts)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• श्रेष्ठानि (śreṣṭhāni) - best, most excellent

• यानि (yāni) - which (plural, neuter)

• द्विपदाम् (dvipadām) - of bipeds, of humans

• वरिष्ठ (variṣṭha) - best, chief, most excellent

• यज्ञेषु (yajñeṣu) - in sacrifices

• विद्वन् (vidvan) - O learned one, O wise one

• उपपादयन्ति (upapādayanti) - they cause to bring about, they perform, they offer

• तैः (taiḥ) - by them, with them (masculine/neuter plural)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• अहम् (aham) - I

• सम्प्रवृद्धा (sampravṛddhā) - greatly nourished, well-grown, developed

• भवामि (bhavāmi) - I become

• आप्यायिता (āpyāyitā) - nourished, refreshed, made full

• रूपवती (rūpavatī) - possessed of beauty, beautiful, lovely

• च (ca) - and

• विप्र (vipra) - O Brahmin, O sage

Words meanings and morphology

सरस्वती (sarasvatī) - Sarasvatī (goddess of knowledge, speech, and arts)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of Sarasvatī

Sarasvatī - Sarasvatī (goddess of knowledge, speech, and arts)

Note: Sandhi with `uvāca` becomes `Sarasvatyuvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

root vac, Perfect, 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रेष्ठानि (śreṣṭhāni) - best, most excellent

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, most excellent, superior

superlative of praśasya (excellent)

Note: Qualifies `yāni` (which things/offerings).

यानि (yāni) - which (plural, neuter)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of yad

yad - which, what, whatever

Note: Refers to the offerings.

द्विपदाम् (dvipadām) - of bipeds, of humans

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dvipad

dvipad - biped, human being

compound of dvi and pad

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+pad)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• pad – foot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used with `variṣṭha` (best among bipeds).

वरिष्ठ (variṣṭha) - best, chief, most excellent

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of variṣṭha

variṣṭha - best, chief, most excellent, most choice

superlative of uru (wide, great)

Note: Addressed to Tārkṣya.

यज्ञेषु (yajñeṣu) - in sacrifices

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of yajña

yajña - sacrifice, ritual, worship (yajña)

from root yaj (to worship, to sacrifice)

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Refers to the context of offering.

विद्वन् (vidvan) - O learned one, O wise one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vidvas

vidvas - learned, wise, knowing

Perfect Active Participle

from root vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Addressed to Tārkṣya. Sandhi with `upapādayanti` becomes `vidvannupapādayanti`.

उपपादयन्ति (upapādayanti) - they cause to bring about, they perform, they offer

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of upapad

Present Active (Causative)

causative of root pad (to go) with prefix upa

Prefix: upa

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: The implied subject is 'people' or 'the chief Brahmins'.

तैः (taiḥ) - by them, with them (masculine/neuter plural)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to `śreṣṭhāni yāni` (those excellent things). Sandhi with `eva` becomes `taire`.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I (first person singular pronoun)

Note: Sandhi with `sampravṛddhā` leads to `ahaṁ`.

सम्प्रवृद्धा (sampravṛddhā) - greatly nourished, well-grown, developed

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sampravṛddha

sampravṛddha - greatly grown, highly developed, completely nourished

Past Passive Participle

from root vṛdh (to grow, to increase) with prefixes sam and pra

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `aham` (Sarasvatī).

भवामि (bhavāmi) - I become

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of bhū

Present Active

root bhū, Present, 1st person singular, Parasmaipada

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Sandhi with `āpyāyitā` becomes `bhavāmy`.

आप्यायिता (āpyāyitā) - nourished, refreshed, made full

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of āpyāyita

āpyāyita - nourished, refreshed, augmented, made to swell

Past Passive Participle

from root pyā (to swell, to thrive) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: pyā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `aham` (Sarasvatī).

रूपवती (rūpavatī) - possessed of beauty, beautiful, lovely

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rūpavat

rūpavat - possessed of form or beauty, beautiful, handsome

from rūpa with possessive suffix -vat

Note: Qualifies `aham` (Sarasvatī).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विप्र (vipra) - O Brahmin, O sage

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, inspired, sage, wise

Note: Addressed to Tārkṣya.