महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-172, verse-16

जगुश्च गाथा विविधा गन्धर्वाः सुरचोदिताः ।
ननृतुः संघशश्चैव राजन्नप्सरसां गणाः ॥१६॥

16. jaguśca gāthā vividhā gandharvāḥ suracoditāḥ ,
nanṛtuḥ saṁghaśaścaiva rājannapsarasāṁ gaṇāḥ.

16. jaguḥ ca gāthāḥ vividhāḥ gandharvāḥ suracoditāḥ
nanṛtuḥ saṃghaśaḥ ca eva rājan apsarasām gaṇāḥ

16. And the Gandharvas, inspired by the gods, sang various songs, while, O king, hosts of Apsarases indeed danced in groups.

Words meanings summery:

• जगुः (jaguḥ) - sang (they sang)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• गाथाः (gāthāḥ) - songs (songs, verses, stanzas)

• विविधाः (vividhāḥ) - various (various, diverse, manifold)

• गन्धर्वाः (gandharvāḥ) - Gandharvas (celestial musicians)

• सुरचोदिताः (suracoditāḥ) - impelled by the gods (impelled by gods, urged by deities)

• ननृतुः (nanṛtuḥ) - danced (they danced)

• संघशः (saṁghaśaḥ) - in groups (in groups, in multitudes)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• अप्सरसाम् (apsarasām) - of Apsarases (of Apsarases (celestial dancers))

• गणाः (gaṇāḥ) - hosts (hosts, troops, groups, retinues)

Words meanings and morphology

जगुः (jaguḥ) - sang (they sang)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of gai

perfect

from root gai (to sing)

Root: gai (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'gandharvāḥ'

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

गाथाः (gāthāḥ) - songs (songs, verses, stanzas)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of gāthā

gāthā - song, verse, stanza

Root: gai (class 1)

Note: Object of 'jaguḥ'

विविधाः (vividhāḥ) - various (various, diverse, manifold)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of vividha

vividha - various, diverse, manifold

Note: Agrees with 'gāthāḥ'

गन्धर्वाः (gandharvāḥ) - Gandharvas (celestial musicians)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gandharva

gandharva - celestial musician, a class of demi-gods

Note: Subject of 'jaguḥ'

सुरचोदिताः (suracoditāḥ) - impelled by the gods (impelled by gods, urged by deities)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suracodita

suracodita - impelled by gods, urged by deities

Past Passive Participle

Compound: sura (god) + codita (impelled, p.p. of cud 'to urge')

Compound type : tatpurusha (sura+codita)

• sura – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• codita – impelled, urged, sent
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root cud (to urge, impel)
  Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'gandharvāḥ'

ननृतुः (nanṛtuḥ) - danced (they danced)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of nṛt

perfect

from root nṛt (to dance)

Root: nṛt (class 4)

Note: Subject is 'gaṇāḥ'

संघशः (saṁghaśaḥ) - in groups (in groups, in multitudes)

(indeclinable)

Derived from saṃgha + śas suffix

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Vocative case, addressing Dhritarashtra.

अप्सरसाम् (apsarasām) - of Apsarases (of Apsarases (celestial dancers))

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of apsaras

apsaras - Apsaras, celestial dancer, nymph

Note: Possessive, modifies 'gaṇāḥ'

गणाः (gaṇāḥ) - hosts (hosts, troops, groups, retinues)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gaṇa

gaṇa - host, troop, group, retinue

Note: Subject of 'nanṛtuḥ'