महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-172, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तस्यां रजन्यां व्युष्टायां धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः ।
उत्थायावश्यकार्याणि कृतवान्भ्रतृभिः सह ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tasyāṁ rajanyāṁ vyuṣṭāyāṁ dharmarājo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
utthāyāvaśyakāryāṇi kṛtavānbhratṛbhiḥ saha.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca | tasyām rajanyām vyuṣṭāyām dharmarājaḥ
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ | utthāya avaśyakāryāṇi kṛtavān bhrātṛbhiḥ saha

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: "When that night had passed, Yudhiṣṭhira, the king of natural law (dharma), having risen, performed his necessary duties with his brothers."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• तस्याम् (tasyām) - in that (night) (in that, to her)

• रजन्याम् (rajanyām) - in the night (in the night, during the night)

• व्युष्टायाम् (vyuṣṭāyām) - when it had passed (the night) (having passed (of night), having become light, illuminated)

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - the king of natural law (dharma) (king of dharma (natural law), king of justice)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava))

• उत्थाय (utthāya) - having risen (having risen, having stood up)

• अवश्यकार्याणि (avaśyakāryāṇi) - necessary duties (necessary duties/actions)

• कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - performed (performed, done, made)

• भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - with his brothers (by brothers, with brothers)

• सह (saha) - with (with, together with)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (sage, disciple of Vyāsa)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect indicative (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्याम् (tasyām) - in that (night) (in that, to her)

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'rajanyām', part of a locative absolute construction.

रजन्याम् (rajanyām) - in the night (in the night, during the night)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rajanī

rajanī - night

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

व्युष्टायाम् (vyuṣṭāyām) - when it had passed (the night) (having passed (of night), having become light, illuminated)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of vyuṣṭa

vyuṣṭa - passed (of night), dawned, illuminated

Past Passive Participle

PPP of vi- + vas (to shine, to dawn)

Prefix: vi

Root: vas (class 2)

Note: Part of the locative absolute construction 'tasyām rajanyām vyuṣṭāyām'.

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - the king of natural law (dharma) (king of dharma (natural law), king of justice)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of dharma, king of justice, Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet of Yudhiṣṭhira.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (lit. 'steady in battle')

Compound type : aluk-samāsa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of 'yudh' (battle)
• sthira – steady, firm, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'kṛtavān'.

उत्थाय (utthāya) - having risen (having risen, having stood up)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive form from prefix ud- + root sthā (to stand).

Prefix: ud

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: An absolutive, indicating an action completed before the main verb.

अवश्यकार्याणि (avaśyakāryāṇi) - necessary duties (necessary duties/actions)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of avaśyakārya

avaśyakārya - necessary action, indispensable duty

Compound type : karmadhāraya (avaśya+kārya)

• avaśya – necessary, unavoidable
  adjective (neuter)
  From 'a-vaśa' (not under control), then 'avaśya' (necessary)
  Prefix: a
• kārya – to be done, duty, action
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Gerundive from root kṛ (to do), meaning 'to be done'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'kṛtavān'.

कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - performed (performed, done, made)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛ

kṛ - to do, to make, to perform

Past Active Participle

Past active participle (kṛtavat) from root kṛ.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agreement with 'yudhiṣṭhiraḥ'.

भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - with his brothers (by brothers, with brothers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Used with 'saha'.

सह (saha) - with (with, together with)

(indeclinable)