महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-172, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तस्यां रजन्यां व्युष्टायां धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः ।
उत्थायावश्यकार्याणि कृतवान्भ्रतृभिः सह ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tasyāṁ rajanyāṁ vyuṣṭāyāṁ dharmarājo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
utthāyāvaśyakāryāṇi kṛtavānbhratṛbhiḥ saha.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca | tasyām rajanyām vyuṣṭāyām dharmarājaḥ
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ | utthāya avaśyakāryāṇi kṛtavān bhrātṛbhiḥ saha

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: "When that night had passed, Yudhiṣṭhira, the king of natural law (dharma), having risen, performed his necessary duties with his brothers."

1. וַישַׁמְפָּאיַנַה אמר. כשעלה השחר בלילה ההוא, קם יוּדְהִישְׁתְהִירַה, מלך היושר, ועשה את מטלות הבוקר הנחוצות יחד עם אחיו.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• तस्याम् (tasyām) - in that (night) (in that, to her)

• रजन्याम् (rajanyām) - in the night (in the night, during the night)

• व्युष्टायाम् (vyuṣṭāyām) - when it had passed (the night) (having passed (of night), having become light, illuminated)

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - the king of natural law (dharma) (king of dharma (natural law), king of justice)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava))

• उत्थाय (utthāya) - having risen (having risen, having stood up)

• अवश्यकार्याणि (avaśyakāryāṇi) - necessary duties (necessary duties/actions)

• कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - performed (performed, done, made)

• भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - with his brothers (by brothers, with brothers)

• सह (saha) - with (with, together with)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (sage, disciple of Vyāsa)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect indicative (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्याम् (tasyām) - in that (night) (in that, to her)

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'rajanyām', part of a locative absolute construction.

रजन्याम् (rajanyām) - in the night (in the night, during the night)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rajanī

rajanī - night

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

व्युष्टायाम् (vyuṣṭāyām) - when it had passed (the night) (having passed (of night), having become light, illuminated)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of vyuṣṭa

vyuṣṭa - passed (of night), dawned, illuminated

Past Passive Participle

PPP of vi- + vas (to shine, to dawn)

Prefix: vi

Root: vas (class 2)

Note: Part of the locative absolute construction 'tasyām rajanyām vyuṣṭāyām'.

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - the king of natural law (dharma) (king of dharma (natural law), king of justice)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of dharma, king of justice, Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet of Yudhiṣṭhira.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (lit. 'steady in battle')

Compound type : aluk-samāsa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of 'yudh' (battle)
• sthira – steady, firm, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'kṛtavān'.

उत्थाय (utthāya) - having risen (having risen, having stood up)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive form from prefix ud- + root sthā (to stand).

Prefix: ud

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: An absolutive, indicating an action completed before the main verb.

अवश्यकार्याणि (avaśyakāryāṇi) - necessary duties (necessary duties/actions)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of avaśyakārya

avaśyakārya - necessary action, indispensable duty

Compound type : karmadhāraya (avaśya+kārya)

• avaśya – necessary, unavoidable
  adjective (neuter)
  From 'a-vaśa' (not under control), then 'avaśya' (necessary)
  Prefix: a
• kārya – to be done, duty, action
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Gerundive from root kṛ (to do), meaning 'to be done'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'kṛtavān'.

कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - performed (performed, done, made)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛ

kṛ - to do, to make, to perform

Past Active Participle

Past active participle (kṛtavat) from root kṛ.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agreement with 'yudhiṣṭhiraḥ'.

भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - with his brothers (by brothers, with brothers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Used with 'saha'.

सह (saha) - with (with, together with)

(indeclinable)

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