महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-123, verse-5

अथाश्विनौ प्रहस्यैतामब्रूतां पुनरेव तु ।
कथं त्वमसि कल्याणि पित्रा दत्ता गताध्वने ॥५॥

5. athāśvinau prahasyaitāmabrūtāṁ punareva tu ,
kathaṁ tvamasi kalyāṇi pitrā dattā gatādhvane.

5. atha aśvinau prahasya etām abrūtām punar eva tu
katham tvam asi kalyāṇi pitrā dattā gatādhvane

5. Then the two Aśvins, laughing, spoke to her again: "O beautiful one, how is it that you, given by your father, are with an old man (gatādhvan)?"

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• अश्विनौ (aśvinau) - the two Aśvins (celestial physicians)

• प्रहस्य (prahasya) - having laughed, after laughing

• एताम् (etām) - referring to Sukanyā (her, this (feminine))

• अब्रूताम् (abrūtām) - they two spoke, said

• पुनर् (punar) - again, back

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exactly

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• कथम् (katham) - how? why?

• त्वम् (tvam) - referring to Sukanyā (you)

• असि (asi) - are, you are

• कल्याणि (kalyāṇi) - vocative address to Sukanyā (O beautiful one, O auspicious one)

• पित्रा (pitrā) - by Sukanyā's father, Śaryāti (by the father)

• दत्ता (dattā) - given

• गताध्वने (gatādhvane) - to sage Cyavana, who is old (to one whose path is gone, to an old man)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

अश्विनौ (aśvinau) - the two Aśvins (celestial physicians)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of aśvin

aśvin - Aśvin (divine twins, celestial physicians)

प्रहस्य (prahasya) - having laughed, after laughing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root √has (to laugh) with prefix pra- and suffix -ya.

Prefix: pra

Root: √has (class 1)

एताम् (etām) - referring to Sukanyā (her, this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

अब्रूताम् (abrūtām) - they two spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, Imperfect (Laṅ) of brū

Root: √brū (class 2)

पुनर् (punar) - again, back

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exactly

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

कथम् (katham) - how? why?

(indeclinable)

त्वम् (tvam) - referring to Sukanyā (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Refers to Sukanyā, who is feminine.

असि (asi) - are, you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, Present (Laṭ) of as

Root: √as (class 2)

कल्याणि (kalyāṇi) - vocative address to Sukanyā (O beautiful one, O auspicious one)

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of kalyāṇī

kalyāṇī - beautiful, auspicious, blessed, virtuous woman

पित्रा (pitrā) - by Sukanyā's father, Śaryāti (by the father)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

दत्ता (dattā) - given

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of datta

datta - given, granted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √dā (to give).

Root: √dā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tvam' (you, Sukanyā).

गताध्वने (gatādhvane) - to sage Cyavana, who is old (to one whose path is gone, to an old man)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of gatādhvan

gatādhvan - one whose path is gone, one who has travelled his journey, an old man

Bahuvrihi compound of gata (gone, past) and adhvan (path, journey).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (gata+adhvan)

• gata – gone, past, reached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √gam (to go).
  Root: √gam (class 1)
• adhvan – path, road, journey, time
  noun (masculine)