महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-118, verse-19

ते वृष्णयः पाण्डुसुतान्समीक्ष्य भूमौ शयानान्मलदिग्धगात्रान् ।
अनर्हतीं द्रौपदीं चापि दृष्ट्वा सुदुःखिताश्चुक्रुशुरार्तनादम् ॥१९॥

19. te vṛṣṇayaḥ pāṇḍusutānsamīkṣya; bhūmau śayānānmaladigdhagātrān ,
anarhatīṁ draupadīṁ cāpi dṛṣṭvā; suduḥkhitāścukruśurārtanādam.

19. te vṛṣṇayaḥ pāṇḍusutān samīkṣya
bhūmau śayānān maladigdhagātrān
anarhatīm draupadīm ca api dṛṣṭvā
suduḥkhitāḥ cukruśuḥ ārtanādam

19. Those Vṛṣṇis, having seen the sons of Pāṇḍu lying on the ground with their bodies smeared with dirt, and also seeing Draupadi, who was undeserving of such a fate, became greatly distressed and cried out in anguish.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those

• वृष्णयः (vṛṣṇayaḥ) - Vrishnis (members of the Vrishni clan)

• पाण्डुसुतान् (pāṇḍusutān) - the sons of Pandu

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having observed

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• शयानान् (śayānān) - lying, sleeping (those who were lying)

• मलदिग्धगात्रान् (maladigdhagātrān) - with bodies smeared with dirt

• अनर्हतीम् (anarhatīm) - undeserving, unworthy

• द्रौपदीम् (draupadīm) - Draupadi

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• सुदुःखिताः (suduḥkhitāḥ) - greatly distressed, very sorrowful

• चुक्रुशुः (cukruśuḥ) - they cried out, they wailed

• आर्तनादम् (ārtanādam) - a cry of distress, a lamentation

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: qualifies 'vṛṣṇayaḥ'

वृष्णयः (vṛṣṇayaḥ) - Vrishnis (members of the Vrishni clan)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛṣṇi

vṛṣṇi - Vrishni (clan name)

Note: subject of 'cukruśuḥ'

पाण्डुसुतान् (pāṇḍusutān) - the sons of Pandu

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍusuta

pāṇḍusuta - son of Pandu, Pandava

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+suta)

• pāṇḍu – Pandu (proper noun)
  proper noun (masculine)
• suta – son, child
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root SU (to engender)
  Root: su (class 2)

Note: object of 'samīkṣya'

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having observed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root ĪKṢ (to see) with prefix SAM

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

शयानान् (śayānān) - lying, sleeping (those who were lying)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śayāna

śī - to lie down, sleep

Present Middle Participle

from root ŚĪ (to lie down, sleep) with śānac affix

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: qualifies 'pāṇḍusutān'

मलदिग्धगात्रान् (maladigdhagātrān) - with bodies smeared with dirt

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of maladigdhagātra

maladigdhagātra - whose bodies are smeared with dirt

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mala+digdha+gātra)

• mala – dirt, impurity
  noun (neuter)
• digdha – smeared, anointed
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root DIH (to smear)
  Root: dih (class 4)
• gātra – body, limb
  noun (neuter)

Note: qualifies 'pāṇḍusutān'

अनर्हतीम् (anarhatīm) - undeserving, unworthy

(participle)

Accusative, feminine, singular of anarhatī

anarhatī - undeserving, unworthy (feminine)

Present Active Participle (feminine)

from A- (negation) + root ARH (to be worthy) with śatṛ affix and feminine ending ī

Prefix: an

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: qualifies 'draupadīm'

द्रौपदीम् (draupadīm) - Draupadi

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of draupadī

draupadī - Draupadi (proper noun)

daughter of Drupada, Patronymic

Note: object of 'dṛṣṭvā'

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root DṚŚ (to see) with ktvā affix

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सुदुःखिताः (suduḥkhitāḥ) - greatly distressed, very sorrowful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suduḥkhita

suduḥkhita - greatly distressed, very sorrowful

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+duḥkhita)

• su – very, good, well
  prefix
• duḥkhita – distressed, sorrowful
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root DUKH (to suffer)
  Root: dukh (class 1)

Note: qualifies 'vṛṣṇayaḥ'

चुक्रुशुः (cukruśuḥ) - they cried out, they wailed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of kruś

Perfect Active

Perfect Tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person plural

Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: subject 'vṛṣṇayaḥ'

आर्तनादम् (ārtanādam) - a cry of distress, a lamentation

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ārtanāda

ārtanāda - cry of distress, wail, lament

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ārta+nāda)

• ārta – distressed, afflicted
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root Ṛ (to go, suffer)
  Root: ṛ (class 1)
• nāda – sound, cry, roar
  noun (masculine)
  from root NAD (to sound)
  Root: nad (class 1)

Note: object of 'cukruśuḥ'