महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-118, verse-18

तमुग्रमास्थाय तपश्चरन्तं शुश्राव रामश्च जनार्दनश्च ।
तौ सर्ववृष्णिप्रवरौ ससैन्यौ युधिष्ठिरं जग्मतुराजमीढम् ॥१८॥

18. tamugramāsthāya tapaścarantaṁ; śuśrāva rāmaśca janārdanaśca ,
tau sarvavṛṣṇipravarau sasainyau; yudhiṣṭhiraṁ jagmaturājamīḍham.

18. tam ugram āsthāya tapaḥ carantam
śuśrāva rāmaḥ ca janārdanaḥ ca
tau sarvavṛṣṇipravarau sasainyau
yudhiṣṭhiram jagmatuḥ ājamiḍham

18. Hearing that he was undertaking and practicing severe austerity (tapas), Rama and Janardana (Krishna) — those two, the foremost among all the Vṛṣṇis, went with their armies to Yudhishthira, the descendant of Ajamiḍha.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that, him

• उग्रम् (ugram) - severe, fierce, terrible

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having undertaken, having resolved, having resorted to

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance (tapas)

• चरन्तम् (carantam) - practicing, performing (one who is practicing)

• शुश्राव (śuśrāva) - heard

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (Balarama, Krishna's brother)

• च (ca) - and

• जनार्दनः (janārdanaḥ) - Janardana (an epithet of Vishnu/Krishna)

• च (ca) - and

• तौ (tau) - those two

• सर्ववृष्णिप्रवरौ (sarvavṛṣṇipravarau) - the foremost among all Vrishnis

• ससैन्यौ (sasainyau) - with their armies

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - to Yudhishthira

• जग्मतुः (jagmatuḥ) - they two went

• आजमिढम् (ājamiḍham) - to the descendant of Ajamiḍha

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that, him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: refers to the person performing austerity mentioned in the previous verse (e.g. Bhishma)

उग्रम् (ugram) - severe, fierce, terrible

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ugra

ugra - severe, fierce, terrible, mighty

Note: qualifies 'tapaḥ' or 'carantam'

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having undertaken, having resolved, having resorted to

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root STHĀ (to stand) with prefix Ā

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance (tapas)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, asceticism, penance, austerity (tapas)

Note: object of 'carantam'

चरन्तम् (carantam) - practicing, performing (one who is practicing)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of carat

car - to move, to walk, to practice, to perform

Present Active Participle

from root CAR (to move, to practice) with śatṛ affix

Root: car (class 1)

Note: qualifies 'tam'

शुश्राव (śuśrāva) - heard

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of śru

Perfect Active

Perfect Tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: The subject 'rāmaḥ ca janārdanaḥ ca' (Rama and Janardana) is plural, but singular verb is sometimes used in poetic contexts for combined subjects.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (Balarama, Krishna's brother)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama, Balarama

Note: One of the subjects of 'śuśrāva'

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

जनार्दनः (janārdanaḥ) - Janardana (an epithet of Vishnu/Krishna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janārdana

janārdana - Janardana, one who is worshipped by men, destroyer of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+ardana)

• jana – people, men
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• ardana – tormenting, destroying, supplicating
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  from root ṚD (to torment, supplicate)
  Root: ṛd (class 1)

Note: The other subject of 'śuśrāva'

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: refers to Rama and Janardana

सर्ववृष्णिप्रवरौ (sarvavṛṣṇipravarau) - the foremost among all Vrishnis

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sarvavṛṣṇipravara

sarvavṛṣṇipravara - foremost of all Vṛṣṇis

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+vṛṣṇi+pravara)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun
• vṛṣṇi – Vrishni (a clan name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• pravara – chief, excellent, foremost
  adjective (masculine)
  from root VṚ (to choose) with prefix PRA
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: qualifies 'tau'

ससैन्यौ (sasainyau) - with their armies

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sasainya

sasainya - accompanied by army, with army

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+sainya)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• sainya – army, military
  noun (neuter)
  from 'senā' (army)

Note: qualifies 'tau'

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - to Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (proper noun)

literally 'firm in battle'

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  locative singular of yudh (battle)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective (masculine)
  from root STHĀ (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: object of 'jagmatuḥ'

जग्मतुः (jagmatuḥ) - they two went

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, past perfect (lit) of gam

Perfect Active

Perfect Tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person dual

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: subject 'tau'

आजमिढम् (ājamiḍham) - to the descendant of Ajamiḍha

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ājamiḍha

ājamiḍha - descendant of Ajamiḍha (an epithet of Yudhishthira)

Patronymic from Ajamiḍha

Note: in apposition to 'yudhiṣṭhiram'