महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-107, verse-3

स राज्यं सचिवे न्यस्य हृदयेन विदूयता ।
जगाम हिमवत्पार्श्वं तपस्तप्तुं नरेश्वरः ॥३॥

3. sa rājyaṁ sacive nyasya hṛdayena vidūyatā ,
jagāma himavatpārśvaṁ tapastaptuṁ nareśvaraḥ.

3. saḥ rājyam sacive nyasya hṛdayena vidūyatā
jagāma himavatpārśvam tapas taptum naraīśvaraḥ

3. That lord of men, with a pained heart, entrusted the kingdom to his minister and went to the slopes of the Himalayas to perform asceticism (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - That (king) (he, that)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - the kingdom (kingdom, reign, dominion)

• सचिवे (sacive) - to his minister (in the minister, to the minister)

• न्यस्य (nyasya) - having entrusted (the kingdom) (having placed, having entrusted)

• हृदयेन (hṛdayena) - with (his) heart (by heart, with heart)

• विदूयता (vidūyatā) - with a pained (heart) (being pained, suffering)

• जगाम (jagāma) - (he) went (went, proceeded)

• हिमवत्पार्श्वम् (himavatpārśvam) - to the slopes of the Himalayas (side of the Himalayas, Himalayan slopes)

• तपस् (tapas) - asceticism (tapas) (austerity, penance, asceticism)

• तप्तुम् (taptum) - to perform (asceticism) (to perform, to do (austerities))

• नरेश्वरः (nareśvaraḥ) - the lord of men (king) (lord of men, king)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - That (king) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the king.

राज्यम् (rājyam) - the kingdom (kingdom, reign, dominion)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, dominion, sovereignty

From rājan (king) + ya (suffix for state/condition)

Note: Direct object of 'nyasya'.

सचिवे (sacive) - to his minister (in the minister, to the minister)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saciva

saciva - minister, companion, associate

Note: Denotes the recipient or object of placing.

न्यस्य (nyasya) - having entrusted (the kingdom) (having placed, having entrusted)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive form from ni- + √as (to throw, cast)

Prefix: ni

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Conveys prior action.

हृदयेन (hṛdayena) - with (his) heart (by heart, with heart)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of hṛdaya

hṛdaya - heart, mind, soul

Note: Indicates means or accompaniment.

विदूयता (vidūyatā) - with a pained (heart) (being pained, suffering)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vidūyat

vidūyat - being pained, suffering, distressed

Present Active Participle

Present active participle from vi- + √dū (to pain, hurt)

Prefix: vi

Root: dū (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'hṛdayena'.

जगाम (jagāma) - (he) went (went, proceeded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of gam

Perfect Active

Root 'gam' takes 'jagāma' in perfect 3rd singular active

Root: gam (class 1)

हिमवत्पार्श्वम् (himavatpārśvam) - to the slopes of the Himalayas (side of the Himalayas, Himalayan slopes)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of himavatpārśva

himavatpārśva - side/slope of the Himalayas

Compound of himavat (Himalayas) and pārśva (side, flank)

Compound type : genitive tatpuruṣa (himavat+pārśva)

• himavat – Himalayan (mountains)
  noun (masculine)
• pārśva – side, flank, vicinity
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates destination.

तपस् (tapas) - asceticism (tapas) (austerity, penance, asceticism)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, asceticism, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Object of 'taptum'.

तप्तुम् (taptum) - to perform (asceticism) (to perform, to do (austerities))

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of √tap

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Purpose clause.

नरेश्वरः (nareśvaraḥ) - the lord of men (king) (lord of men, king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nareśvara

nareśvara - lord of men, king

Compound of nara (man) and īśvara (lord)

Compound type : genitive tatpuruṣa (nara+īśvara)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler, god
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Refers to the king, the subject of 'jagāma'.