महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-107, verse-13

स तु तत्र नरश्रेष्ठस्तपो घोरं समाश्रितः ।
फलमूलाम्बुभक्षोऽभूत्सहस्रं परिवत्सरान् ॥१३॥

13. sa tu tatra naraśreṣṭhastapo ghoraṁ samāśritaḥ ,
phalamūlāmbubhakṣo'bhūtsahasraṁ parivatsarān.

13. sa tu tatra naraśreṣṭhaḥ tapaḥ ghoram samāśritaḥ
phalamūlāmbubhakṣaḥ abhūt sahasram parivatsarān

13. Indeed, that best of men (naraśreṣṭha) undertook severe austerity (tapas) there. For a thousand years, he subsisted solely on fruits, roots, and water.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the statement) (but, indeed, however)

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• नरश्रेष्ठः (naraśreṣṭhaḥ) - best of men, foremost among men

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance

• घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, severe, dreadful

• समाश्रितः (samāśritaḥ) - undertaken, resorted to, dependent on

• फलमूलाम्बुभक्षः (phalamūlāmbubhakṣaḥ) - subsisting on fruits, roots, and water

• अभूत् (abhūt) - became, was

• सहस्रम् (sahasram) - a thousand

• परिवत्सरान् (parivatsarān) - years

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the statement) (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

नरश्रेष्ठः (naraśreṣṭhaḥ) - best of men, foremost among men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of naraśreṣṭha

naraśreṣṭha - best of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+śreṣṭha)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, pre-eminent
  adjective (masculine)

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual fervor

घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, severe, dreadful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, severe, dreadful, formidable

समाश्रितः (samāśritaḥ) - undertaken, resorted to, dependent on

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāśrita

samāśrita - undertaken, resorted to, dependent on

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root 'śri' with 'sam' and 'ā' upasargas. 'śri' (to resort to, seek refuge) + 'kta' (pp. suffix)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sa' and 'naraśreṣṭhaḥ'.

फलमूलाम्बुभक्षः (phalamūlāmbubhakṣaḥ) - subsisting on fruits, roots, and water

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of phalamūlāmbubhakṣa

phalamūlāmbubhakṣa - one who subsists on fruits, roots, and water

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (phala+mūla+ambu+bhakṣa)

• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)
• mūla – root, origin, foundation
  noun (neuter)
• ambu – water
  noun (neuter)
• bhakṣa – food, eating, that which is eaten
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'sa' and 'naraśreṣṭhaḥ'.

अभूत् (abhūt) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Aorist) (luṅ) of bhū

Root 'bhū' (1st conjugation)

Root: bhū (class 1)

सहस्रम् (sahasram) - a thousand

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sahasra

sahasra - a thousand

Note: Used adverbially to modify the duration 'parivatsarān'.

परिवत्सरान् (parivatsarān) - years

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of parivatsara

parivatsara - year, a cycle of years

Note: Indicates duration.