महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-102, verse-15

कालेयास्तु यथा राजन्सुरैः सर्वैर्निषूदिताः ।
अगस्त्याद्वरमासाद्य तन्मे निगदतः शृणु ॥१५॥

15. kāleyāstu yathā rājansuraiḥ sarvairniṣūditāḥ ,
agastyādvaramāsādya tanme nigadataḥ śṛṇu.

15. kāleyāḥ tu yathā rājan suraiḥ sarvaiḥ niṣūditāḥ
agastyāt varam āsādya tat me nigadataḥ śṛṇu

15. O king, listen to me as I narrate how all the Kāleya demons were destroyed by all the gods after obtaining a boon from Agastya.

Words meanings summery:

• कालेयाः (kāleyāḥ) - the Kāleyas (a class of demons)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• यथा (yathā) - how, as, in the manner that

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• सुरैः (suraiḥ) - by the gods

• सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all

• निषूदिताः (niṣūditāḥ) - destroyed, killed, suppressed

• अगस्त्यात् (agastyāt) - from Agastya

• वरम् (varam) - boon, blessing, excellent thing

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having obtained, having reached, having acquired

• तत् (tat) - that, therefore

• मे (me) - from me, by me, my

• निगदतः (nigadataḥ) - of the one narrating, while narrating

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

Words meanings and morphology

कालेयाः (kāleyāḥ) - the Kāleyas (a class of demons)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kāleya

kāleya - a class of asuras (demons), sons of Kālī

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'were'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for emphasis or transition.

यथा (yathā) - how, as, in the manner that

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Direct address.

सुरैः (suraiḥ) - by the gods

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sura

sura - god, deity

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Agent of the passive verb 'niṣūditāḥ'.

सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'suraiḥ'.

निषूदिताः (niṣūditāḥ) - destroyed, killed, suppressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niṣūdita

niṣūdita - destroyed, killed, suppressed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √sūd (to kill) with upasarga ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: sūd (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'kāleyāḥ'.

अगस्त्यात् (agastyāt) - from Agastya

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of agastya

agastya - Agastya (name of a prominent sage)

Note: Indicates the source of the boon.

वरम् (varam) - boon, blessing, excellent thing

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - boon, blessing; choice, excellent

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Direct object of 'āsādya'.

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having obtained, having reached, having acquired

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Derived from √sad (to sit, approach) with upasarga ā- and suffix -ya (lyap)

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb.

तत् (tat) - that, therefore

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the story of the Kāleyas' destruction, object of 'śṛṇu'.

मे (me) - from me, by me, my

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Implies 'from me' or 'my' in relation to the narration.

निगदतः (nigadataḥ) - of the one narrating, while narrating

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nigadat

nigadat - narrating, speaking, telling

Present Active Participle

Derived from √gad (to speak) with upasarga ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: gad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'me' (the implied speaker). The genitive is used with śṛṇu meaning 'listen to (someone) doing (something)'.

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Direct command.