महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-7, verse-21

तथैवाप्सरसो राजन्गन्धर्वाश्च मनोरमाः ।
नृत्यवादित्रगीतैश्च हास्यैश्च विविधैरपि ।
रमयन्ति स्म नृपते देवराजं शतक्रतुम् ॥२१॥

21. tathaivāpsaraso rājangandharvāśca manoramāḥ ,
nṛtyavāditragītaiśca hāsyaiśca vividhairapi ,
ramayanti sma nṛpate devarājaṁ śatakratum.

21. tathā eva apsarasaḥ rājan gandharvāḥ
ca manoramāḥ nṛtya vāditra gītaiḥ
ca hāsyaiḥ ca vividhaiḥ api ramayanti
sma nṛpate devarājam śatakratum

21. Similarly, O King, charming Apsaras and Gandharvas, with dances, instrumental music, and songs, and also with various kinds of humor, used to delight Śatakratu, the king of the gods.

21. וכן האַפְּסַרוֹת, הו מלך, והגַנְדְהַרְוַה המענגים, משעשעים בריקוד, בנגינה ובשירה ובצחוק מגוון, הו שליט האנשים, את מלך האלים שַׁטַקְרַטוּ.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, in that manner, thus

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, even, just

• अप्सरसः (apsarasaḥ) - Apsaras (celestial nymphs)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• गन्धर्वाः (gandharvāḥ) - Gandharvas (celestial musicians)

• च (ca) - and, also

• मनोरमाः (manoramāḥ) - charming, delightful, pleasing to the mind

• नृत्य (nṛtya) - dance

• वादित्र (vāditra) - instrumental music, musical instrument

• गीतैः (gītaiḥ) - with songs, with chanting

• च (ca) - and, also

• हास्यैः (hāsyaiḥ) - with humor, with laughter, with jests

• च (ca) - and, also

• विविधैः (vividhaiḥ) - with various, of diverse kinds

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• रमयन्ति (ramayanti) - they delight, they cause to enjoy

• स्म (sma) - used to, in the past (historical present)

• नृपते (nṛpate) - O King

• देवराजम् (devarājam) - the king of gods (Indra)

• शतक्रतुम् (śatakratum) - Śatakratu (Indra)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - similarly, in that manner, thus

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, even, just

(indeclinable)

अप्सरसः (apsarasaḥ) - Apsaras (celestial nymphs)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of apsaras

apsaras - Apsara, celestial nymph, divine dancer

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

गन्धर्वाः (gandharvāḥ) - Gandharvas (celestial musicians)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gandharva

gandharva - Gandharva, celestial musician, divine singer, semi-divine being

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

मनोरमाः (manoramāḥ) - charming, delightful, pleasing to the mind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manorama

manorama - charming, delightful, pleasing to the mind, beautiful, lovely

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (manas+rama)

• manas – mind, intellect, thought, spirit
  noun (neuter)
  Root: man (class 4)
• rama – pleasing, delighting, beautiful
  adjective (masculine)
  From root ram- (to delight)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'gandharvāḥ'.

नृत्य (nṛtya) - dance

(noun)

neuter, singular of nṛtya

nṛtya - dance, acting, dancing

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root nṛt- (to dance), with suffix -ya

Root: nṛt (class 4)

Note: First part of the instrumental compound 'nṛtya-vāditra-gītaiḥ'.

वादित्र (vāditra) - instrumental music, musical instrument

(noun)

neuter, singular of vāditra

vāditra - musical instrument, instrumental music

From root vad- (to speak, play an instrument) with suffix -itra

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Second part of the instrumental compound 'nṛtya-vāditra-gītaiḥ'.

गीतैः (gītaiḥ) - with songs, with chanting

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of gīta

gīta - song, singing, chanted, sung

Past Passive Participle

From root gai- (to sing), treated as a noun

Root: gai (class 1)

Note: The compound 'nṛtya-vāditra-gīta' is in instrumental plural, meaning 'with dances, instrumental music, and songs'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

हास्यैः (hāsyaiḥ) - with humor, with laughter, with jests

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of hāsya

hāsya - humor, laughter, ridicule, funny, laughable

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root has- (to laugh), with suffix -ya, treated as a noun

Root: has (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

विविधैः (vividhaiḥ) - with various, of diverse kinds

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of vividha

vividha - various, diverse, manifold, different, of many kinds

Note: Agrees with 'hāsyaiḥ'.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

रमयन्ति (ramayanti) - they delight, they cause to enjoy

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of ramay

Causative stem

Causative of root ram- (to delight)

Root: ram (class 1)

स्म (sma) - used to, in the past (historical present)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'ramayanti' to indicate past continuous or habitual action.

नृपते (nṛpate) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, human being, male
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband, owner
  noun (masculine)

Note: An address to the listener, King Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

देवराजम् (devarājam) - the king of gods (Indra)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of devarāja

devarāja - king of the gods (epithet of Indra)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+rāja)

• deva – god, deity, divine, celestial
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler, sovereign
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'ramayanti'.

शतक्रतुम् (śatakratum) - Śatakratu (Indra)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śatakratu

śatakratu - Śatakratu (epithet of Indra, 'having a hundred sacrifices')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śata+kratu)

• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• kratu – sacrifice, power, resolve, intellect
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Indra, also an object of 'ramayanti'.

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