महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-50, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
त्वं वै ज्येष्ठो ज्यैष्ठिनेयः पुत्र मा पाण्डवान्द्विषः ।
द्वेष्टा ह्यसुखमादत्ते यथैव निधनं तथा ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
tvaṁ vai jyeṣṭho jyaiṣṭhineyaḥ putra mā pāṇḍavāndviṣaḥ ,
dveṣṭā hyasukhamādatte yathaiva nidhanaṁ tathā.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca tvam vai
jyeṣṭhaḥ jyaiṣṭhineyaḥ putra mā
pāṇḍavān dviṣaḥ dveṣṭā hi asukham
ādatte yathā eva nidhanam tathā

1. Dhritarashtra said: "You are indeed the eldest son of the eldest (brother), my son. Do not hate the Pandavas. For a hater incurs misery, just as they bring about their own destruction."

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - The blind king, father of Duryodhana. (Dhritarashtra)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Dhritarashtra said. (said, spoke)

• त्वम् (tvam) - You (Duryodhana). (you)

• वै (vai) - Emphasizing the truth of the statement. (indeed, certainly, verily)

• ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - Eldest (in relation to his brothers). (eldest, chief, greatest)

• ज्यैष्ठिनेयः (jyaiṣṭhineyaḥ) - Son of the eldest brother (Dhritarashtra, who was eldest among his brothers). (son of the eldest (sister/brother))

• पुत्र (putra) - O son (vocative address to Duryodhana). (son, child)

• मा (mā) - Used for prohibition with the imperative. (not, do not)

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - The sons of Pandu, the cousins of Duryodhana. (the Pandavas, sons of Pandu)

• द्विषः (dviṣaḥ) - Do not hate (them). (hate, be hostile to)

• द्वेष्टा (dveṣṭā) - A person who hates. (hater, enemy)

• हि (hi) - Introducing a reason. (for, because, indeed)

• असुखम् (asukham) - Misery as a consequence of hatred. (unhappiness, misery, sorrow)

• आदत्ते (ādatte) - A hater obtains misery. (takes, obtains, receives)

• यथा (yathā) - Just as (misery leads to destruction). (as, just as, in which way)

• एव (eva) - Emphasizing the preceding word. (indeed, only, just)

• निधनम् (nidhanam) - One's own destruction. (death, destruction, annihilation)

• तथा (tathā) - So also (does misery lead to destruction). (so, thus, in that way)

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - The blind king, father of Duryodhana. (Dhritarashtra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (proper name of the king)

उवाच (uvāca) - Dhritarashtra said. (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

Irregular perfect formation, from √vac, weak root form.

Root: vac (class 2)

त्वम् (tvam) - You (Duryodhana). (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvad

tvad - you (2nd person pronoun)

वै (vai) - Emphasizing the truth of the statement. (indeed, certainly, verily)

(indeclinable)

ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - Eldest (in relation to his brothers). (eldest, chief, greatest)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, chief, greatest

Superlative of vṛddha.

ज्यैष्ठिनेयः (jyaiṣṭhineyaḥ) - Son of the eldest brother (Dhritarashtra, who was eldest among his brothers). (son of the eldest (sister/brother))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyaiṣṭhineya

jyaiṣṭhineya - son of the eldest sister or brother

Derived from jyeṣṭhā (eldest).

पुत्र (putra) - O son (vocative address to Duryodhana). (son, child)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

मा (mā) - Used for prohibition with the imperative. (not, do not)

(indeclinable)

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - The sons of Pandu, the cousins of Duryodhana. (the Pandavas, sons of Pandu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - relating to Pandu, a descendant of Pandu (the Pandavas)

द्विषः (dviṣaḥ) - Do not hate (them). (hate, be hostile to)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of dviṣ

Imperative

Root verb, Atmanepada in the imperative.

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

द्वेष्टा (dveṣṭā) - A person who hates. (hater, enemy)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dveṣṭṛ

dveṣṭṛ - hater, enemy

Agent noun

Derived from √dviṣ with the suffix -tṛ.

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

हि (hi) - Introducing a reason. (for, because, indeed)

(indeclinable)

असुखम् (asukham) - Misery as a consequence of hatred. (unhappiness, misery, sorrow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asukha

asukha - unhappiness, misery, sorrow, not easy

Negation of sukha (happiness).

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sukha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• sukha – happiness, ease, pleasure
  noun (neuter)

Note: Accusative as object of ādatte.

आदत्ते (ādatte) - A hater obtains misery. (takes, obtains, receives)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of dā

Present Tense

From √dā, class 3, with prefix ā. Atmanepada.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

यथा (yathā) - Just as (misery leads to destruction). (as, just as, in which way)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - Emphasizing the preceding word. (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

निधनम् (nidhanam) - One's own destruction. (death, destruction, annihilation)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nidhana

nidhana - death, destruction, annihilation, end

From ni + √dhā.

Prefix: ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

तथा (tathā) - So also (does misery lead to destruction). (so, thus, in that way)

(indeclinable)