महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-31, verse-18

ददुस्तेषामावसथान्धर्मराजस्य शासनात् ।
बहुकक्ष्यान्वितान्राजन्दीर्घिकावृक्षशोभितान् ॥१८॥

18. dadusteṣāmāvasathāndharmarājasya śāsanāt ,
bahukakṣyānvitānrājandīrghikāvṛkṣaśobhitān.

18. daduḥ teṣām āvasathān dharmarājasya śāsanāt
bahukakṣyān vitān rājan dīrghikā-vṛkṣa-śobhitān

18. O king, by the command of Yudhiṣṭhira, the king of righteousness (dharma), they provided them with residences that had many rooms, were adorned with canopies, and were beautified by ponds and trees.

Words meanings summery:

• ददुः (daduḥ) - they gave, they offered

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - to the assembled kings and Vṛṣṇis (to them, of them)

• आवसथान् (āvasathān) - lodgings, residences

• धर्मराजस्य (dharmarājasya) - of Yudhiṣṭhira (of the king of righteousness (dharma))

• शासनात् (śāsanāt) - by the command, by the order

• बहुकक्ष्यान् (bahukakṣyān) - having many chambers/apartments

• वितान् (vitān) - adorned with canopies (adorned with canopies, spread out)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king!

• दीर्घिका-वृक्ष-शोभितान् (dīrghikā-vṛkṣa-śobhitān) - adorned with ponds and trees

Words meanings and morphology

ददुः (daduḥ) - they gave, they offered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of dadu

perfect tense (lit)

from root dā (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - to the assembled kings and Vṛṣṇis (to them, of them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Can function as dative of possession or indirect object here ('to them').

आवसथान् (āvasathān) - lodgings, residences

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of āvasatha

āvasatha - lodging, residence, dwelling, guest-house

from ā-vas (to dwell)

Prefix: ā

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Direct object of daduḥ.

धर्मराजस्य (dharmarājasya) - of Yudhiṣṭhira (of the king of righteousness (dharma))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of righteousness, king of (dharma), Yama (lord of death and dharma)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rājan – king, sovereign
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj

शासनात् (śāsanāt) - by the command, by the order

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of śāsana

śāsana - command, order, rule, teaching

from root śās (to command, teach)

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Indicates the source or cause of the action (by whose command).

बहुकक्ष्यान् (bahukakṣyān) - having many chambers/apartments

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bahukakṣya

bahukakṣya - having many rooms or chambers

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahu+kakṣya)

• bahu – many, much
  adjective
• kakṣya – apartment, chamber, room
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective for āvasathān.

वितान् (vitān) - adorned with canopies (adorned with canopies, spread out)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vitāna

vitāna - spread out, extended, furnished with canopies (also a noun meaning 'canopy' or 'awning')

derived from root tan (to stretch) with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Adjective qualifying āvasathān.

राजन् (rājan) - O king!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

Root: rāj

Note: An address to the listener/reader.

दीर्घिका-वृक्ष-शोभितान् (dīrghikā-vṛkṣa-śobhitān) - adorned with ponds and trees

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dīrghikā-vṛkṣa-śobhita

dīrghikā-vṛkṣa-śobhita - adorned with ponds and trees

Past Passive Participle (from śobh with ita)

compound ending in past passive participle.

Compound type : tatpurusha (dīrghikā+vṛkṣa+śobhita)

• dīrghikā – long pond, large tank
  noun (feminine)
• vṛkṣa – tree
  noun (masculine)
• śobhita – adorned, decorated, beautiful
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root śubh/śobh (to shine, be beautiful)
  Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies āvasathān.