महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-29, verse-6

कथं च स महीपालो हतपुत्रो निराश्रयः ।
पत्न्या सह वसत्येको वने श्वापदसेविते ॥६॥

6. kathaṁ ca sa mahīpālo hataputro nirāśrayaḥ ,
patnyā saha vasatyeko vane śvāpadasevite.

6. katham ca saḥ mahīpālaḥ hataputraḥ nirāśrayaḥ
patnyā saha vasati ekaḥ vane śvāpadasevite

6. ca katham saḥ hataputraḥ nirāśrayaḥ mahīpālaḥ
ekaḥ patnyā saha śvāpadasevite vane vasati

6. And how does that king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra), who has lost his sons and is without support, live alone with his wife in a forest frequented by wild animals?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how? (how? in what manner?)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Dhritarashtra) (he, that)

• महीपालः (mahīpālaḥ) - the king Dhritarashtra (king, protector of the earth)

• हतपुत्रः (hataputraḥ) - whose sons (Kauravas) were killed in battle (whose sons are slain, having lost his sons)

• निराश्रयः (nirāśrayaḥ) - without any family or kingdom to rely on (without support, helpless, unprotected)

• पत्न्या (patnyā) - with his wife (Gandhari) (with wife, by wife)

• सह (saha) - with (with, together with)

• वसति (vasati) - lives (dwells, lives, resides)

• एकः (ekaḥ) - alone (apart from his wife) (one, alone, solitary)

• वने (vane) - in the forest (where they have retired) (in the forest, in the wood)

• श्वापदसेविते (śvāpadasevite) - frequented by wild animals (implying danger and hardship) (frequented by wild animals, inhabited by beasts)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how? (how? in what manner?)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Dhritarashtra) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Pronominal stem.

Note: Masculine nominative singular of 'tad'.

महीपालः (mahīpālaḥ) - the king Dhritarashtra (king, protector of the earth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpāla

mahīpāla - king, protector of the earth

Compound word.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pāla)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'pā-' (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

हतपुत्रः (hataputraḥ) - whose sons (Kauravas) were killed in battle (whose sons are slain, having lost his sons)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hataputra

hataputra - whose sons are slain, having lost his sons

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+putra)

• hata – slain, killed, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'han-' (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'mahīpālaḥ'.

निराश्रयः (nirāśrayaḥ) - without any family or kingdom to rely on (without support, helpless, unprotected)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirāśraya

nirāśraya - without support, helpless, unprotected

Negative compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+āśraya)

• nis – without, out, away
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• āśraya – refuge, support, asylum
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'śri-' (to lean, resort to) with prefix 'ā-'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'mahīpālaḥ'.

पत्न्या (patnyā) - with his wife (Gandhari) (with wife, by wife)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of patnī

patnī - wife, mistress of the house

Note: Used with 'saha'.

सह (saha) - with (with, together with)

(indeclinable)

Preposition/adverb taking instrumental case.

वसति (vasati) - lives (dwells, lives, resides)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vas

Conjugation of root 'vas-'.

Root: vas (class 1)

एकः (ekaḥ) - alone (apart from his wife) (one, alone, solitary)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, alone, solitary, single

Pronominal adjective.

Note: Modifies 'mahīpālaḥ'.

वने (vane) - in the forest (where they have retired) (in the forest, in the wood)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

श्वापदसेविते (śvāpadasevite) - frequented by wild animals (implying danger and hardship) (frequented by wild animals, inhabited by beasts)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of śvāpadasevita

śvāpadasevita - frequented by wild animals, inhabited by beasts

Compound word.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śvāpada+sevita)

• śvāpada – wild animal, beast of prey
  noun (masculine)
• sevita – frequented, attended, served
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'sev-' (to serve, frequent).
  Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'vane'.